Primitive Components, Crustal Assimilation, and Magmatic Degassing During the Early 2008 Kīlauea Summit Eruptive Activity

Rowe, Michael C.; Thornber, Carl R.; Orr, Tim R.

doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch20

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These MI in low-Fo olivine, plagioclase, and pyroxene (hereafter "melt-cognate" MI) have compositions consistent with matrix glasses and equilibrium melt temperatures (1135-1145 °C) of Puʻuʻōʻō magmas erupted between 2012 and 2018 (Thornber et al 2015;Gansecki et al 2019;Lee et al 2019). Melt inclusions in Fo 80-82 olivine have compositions and equilibrium temperatures (1150-1160 °C) similar to tephra from the Halemaʻumaʻu summit lava lake (Rowe et al 2015;Thornber et al 2015;Gansecki et al 2019;Lee et al 2019).…”

Section: Compositional Diversity Of Lerz Meltsmentioning

confidence: 69%

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

et al. 2021

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Kīlauea Volcano's 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption produced exceptionally high lava effusion rates and record-setting SO 2 emissions. The eruption involved a diverse range of magmas, including primitive basalts sourced from Kīlauea's summit reservoirs. We analyzed LERZ matrix glasses, melt inclusions, and host minerals to identify melt volatile contents and magma storage depths. The LERZ glasses and melt inclusions span nearly the entire compositional range previously recognized at Kīlauea. Melt inclusions in Fo 86-89 olivine from the main eruptive vent (fissure 8) underwent 70-170 °C cooling during transport in LERZ carrier melts, causing extensive post-entrapment crystallization and sulfide precipitation. Many of these melt inclusions have low sulfur (400-900 ppm) even after correction for sulfide formation. CO 2 and H 2 O vapor saturation pressures indicate shallow melt inclusion trapping depths (1-5 km), consistent with formation within Kīlauea's Halemaʻumaʻu and South Caldera reservoirs. Many of these inclusions also have degassed δ 34 S values (− 1.5 to − 0.5‰). Collectively, these results indicate that some primitive melts experienced near-surface degassing before being trapped into melt inclusions. We propose that decades-to-centuries of repeated lava lake activity and lava drain-back during eruptions (e.g., 1959 Kīlauea Iki) recycled substantial volumes of degassed magma into Kīlauea's shallow reservoir system. Degassing and magma recycling from the 2008-2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake likely reduced the volatile contents of LERZ fissure 8 magmas, resulting in lower fountain heights compared to many prior Kīlauea eruptions. The eruption's extreme SO 2 emissions were due to high lava effusion rates rather than particularly volatile-rich melts.

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Section: Compositional Diversity Of Lerz Meltsmentioning

confidence: 69%

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

et al. 2021

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“…A correlation between SIMS and LA‐ICPMS data using this procedure are provided in Rowe et al . [] and BHVO‐2G data are provided in the supporting information Table S2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basalt volatile fluctuations during continental rifting: An example from the Rio Grande Rift, USA

Rowe

Lassiter

Goff

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Hydration and metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle potentially influences both the magmatic and tectonic evolution of southwestern North America. Prior studies have suggested that volatile enrichments to the mantle underlying western North America resulted from shallow subduction of the Farallon Plate during the Laramide . This study examines temporal and spatial variations in volatile elements (H 2 O, Cl, F, and S) determined from olivine and orthopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions along and across the Rio Grande Rift, the easternmost extent of Laramide shallow subduction. Maximum chlorine enrichments are observed in the southern rift with a Cl/Nb of $210 and reduce with time to MORB-OIB levels ($5-17). Measured water abundances are <0.8 wt % in rehomogenized inclusions; however, calculated H 2 O, based on Cl/Nb systematics, primarily varies from 0.5 to 2 wt % H 2 O. Sulfur abundances (<0.61 wt %), and calculated sulfide saturation, indicate magmas with high Cl/Nb also contain oxidized sulfur. The abundance of fluorine in melt inclusions (up to 0.2 wt %) is not correlated to other volatile elements. Temporal variations in melt inclusion volatile abundances coupled with varying isotopic (Sr-Nd-Pb) whole-rock systematics suggest a transition from lithospheric to asthenospheric melt generation in the southern RGR and potential lithosphere-asthenosphere melt mixing in the central RGR. East to west decrease in volatile enrichment likely reflects a combination of varying mantle sources and early removal of metasomatized lithospheric mantle underlying regional extension. Results indicate, from multiple causes, subduction-related volatile enrichment to the lithospheric mantle is ephemeral, and strong enrichments in volatiles are not preserved in active magmatic-tectonic provenances.

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“…Since the 1983 onset of Kīlauea's currently ongoing ERZ eruption, magma has, for the most part, passed from depth through the summit reservoir and migrated subhorizontally along the ERZ for ∼20 km before erupting as lava flows near the Pu'u 'Ō'ō eruptive vent. A second eruptive vent opened in 2008 at Kīlauea's summit; this vent exhibits a clear magmatic connection with the summit reservoir and ERZ vent (Rowe et al, 2015;Thornber et al, 2015;Patrick et al, 2015) and currently hosts an active lava lake which emits a persistent plume of gas and minor amounts of tephra (Orr et al, 2012).…”

Section: Model and Observations Of Kīlauea Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model: Kīlauea Volcano, 2000–2012

Anderson

Poland

2016

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Estimating rates of magma supply to the world's volcanoes remains one of the most fundamental aims of volcanology. Yet, supply rates can be difficult to estimate even at well-monitored volcanoes, in part because observations are noisy and are usually considered independently rather than as part of a holistic system. In this work we demonstrate a technique for probabilistically estimating time-variable rates of magma supply to a volcano through probabilistic constraint on storage and eruption rates. This approach utilizes Bayesian joint inversion of (1) diverse datasets using predictions from a multiphysical volcano model, and (2) independent prior information derived from previous geophysical, geochemical, and geological studies. The solution to the inverse problem takes the form of a probability density function which takes into account uncertainties in observations and prior information, and which we sample using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Applying the technique to Kīlauea Volcano, we develop a model which relates magma flow rates with deformation of the volcano's surface, sulfur dioxide emission rates, lava flow field volumes, and composition of the volcano's basaltic magma. This model accounts for effects and processes mostly neglected in previous supply rate estimates at Kīlauea, including magma compressibility, loss of sulfur to the hydrothermal system, and potential magma storage in the volcano's deep rift zones. We jointly invert data and prior information to estimate rates of supply, storage, and eruption during three recent quasisteady-state periods at the volcano. Results shed new light on the time-variability of magma supply to Kīlauea, which we find to have increased by 35-100% between 2001 and 2006 (from 0.11-0.17 to 0.18-0.28 km 3 /yr), before subsequently decreasing to 0.08-0.12 km 3 /yr by 2012. Changes in supply rate directly impact hazard at the volcano, and were largely responsible for an increase in eruption rate of 60-150% between 2001 and 2006, and subsequent decline by as much as 60% by 2012. We also demonstrate the occurrence of temporal changes in the proportion of Kīlauea's magma supply that is stored versus erupted, with the supply "surge" in 2006 associated with increased accumulation of magma at the summit. Finally, we are able to place some constraints on sulfur concentrations in Kīlauea magma and the scrubbing of sulfur 1

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Primitive Components, Crustal Assimilation, and Magmatic Degassing During the Early 2008 Kīlauea Summit Eruptive Activity

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

Basalt volatile fluctuations during continental rifting: An example from the Rio Grande Rift, USA

Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model: Kīlauea Volcano, 2000–2012

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