Priming of association test responses by differential verbal contexts.

Segal, Sydney Joelson

doi:10.1037/h0024704

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Prior scores was significantly greater than zero priming by a two-tailed t test. This indicated that our method, which defined priming in the WAT in relation to the meaning class of the response, produced results similar to those of earlier studies that defined priming with respect to specific response targets (Cramer, 1968;Segal, 1967). The nature of the design necessitated several analyses of variance (ANOVAs).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…The WAT enabled us to examine whether priming a homograph in the direction of one of its meanings makes associates related to its alternative meaning less available. Using the WATallowed us to evaluate the residual effect of responding to a homograph in two different contexts on responding to that homograph in a subsequent neutral context.Early studies of priming in the WAT (Clifton, 1966;Cofer, 1967;Cramer, 1968;Segal, 1967;Segal & Cofer, 1960;Storms, 1958) defined priming on the basis of a specific preselected associate of the word association stimulus. With the exception of Cramer, the preselected word was presented in an orienting task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early studies of priming in the WAT (Clifton, 1966;Cofer, 1967;Cramer, 1968;Segal, 1967;Segal & Cofer, 1960;Storms, 1958) defined priming on the basis of a specific preselected associate of the word association stimulus. With the exception of Cramer, the preselected word was presented in an orienting task.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The selection of homograph meaning: Word association when context changes

2000

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In a study of lexical ambiguity processing, responses to homographs were examined in a word association task. The context of repeated exposures of a homograph was manipulated by requiring a response to a word related to a meaning of the homograph on the trial prior to homograph presentation. A change of that relationship reduced the effectiveness of the contextual item as a prime on the second occurrence of the homograph. In response to a third unprimed occurrence of the homograph, associations were consistent with a conclusion that when semantic contexts are opposed, a "primacy effect" is obtained. The overall effects in the studies reported are seen as consistent with the theoretical view of Simpson and Kang (1994)that processing and responding to one meaning of a homograph result in the inhibition of alternative meanings. A mechanism to account for that inhibition is proposed.In 1976, Schvaneveldt, Meyer, and Becker demonstrated that the effectiveness of a homograph as a related prime depended on the context that preceded the homograph. When a homograph was preceded by a word that was related to the same meaning as was the subsequent target (e.g., SAVE-BANK-MONEY), responses were faster than responses to homographs preceded by an unrelated word (e.g., DAY-BANK-MONEY). These in turn were faster than responses to triples containing a prime related to the other meaning of the homograph (e.g., RIVER-BANK-MONEY). Subsequently, Onifer and Swinney (1981) reported that homographs embedded in auditory disambiguating sentences primed lexical decisions to visually presented words related to either of the homograph's meanings. However, if the target was delayed for 1.5 sec, only the contextappropriate meaning ofthe homograph was primed. Several theorists have proposed that the selection of one meaning of a homograph leads to the immediate active suppression of alternative meanings (Gernsbacher, 1990;Neill, 1989). Krueger (1990) found that processing the second oftwo sentences containing the same homograph in alternateWe thank Christian DeBiasi, Susan DeGuilio, and Sara Jamshidi, who served as experimenters. Three reviewers of an earlier version of this manuscript, Doug Nelson, Dani McKinney, and Greg Simpson, provided thoughtful ideas that resulted in clarification of the ideas presented. We are grateful to them, as well as to Jim Erickson, for their critical reviews. Correspondence should be addressed to D. S. Gorfein, Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Box 19528, Arlington, TX 76019-0528 (e-mail: gorfein@utarlg.uta.edu).meaning contexts was slower than processing following a control sentence. Simpson and Kang (1994) determined that a homograph that had primed the naming of a word related to one ofits meanings actually slowed performance on a subsequent word related to an alternate meaning. On the basis oftheir extensive review of homograph research, they concluded, "Processing one meaning ofa homograph and responding to that meaning results in the active and specific inhibition of competing meanings" (Simp...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 48%

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confidence: 99%

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The selection of homograph meaning: Word association when context changes

2000

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“…In this sense, the notion of accessibility is related to the concept of priming —the idea that exposure to one thought may make another more likely to occur (cf. Meyer & Schvaneveldt, 1971; Segal, 1967). However, accessibility may occur for reasons other than prior exposure (e.g., habit), and so is the broader concept.…”

Section: Cognitive Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep cognitive activation: A new approach to the unconscious.

Wegner¹,

Smart²

1997

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

105

121

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Deep cognitive activation occurs when a thought is so accessible as to have measurable effects on behavior or judgement, but is yet not consciously reportable. This state of mind has unique properties mimicking some characteristics of the psychoanalytic unconscious, but following theoretically from a consideration of processes of cognitive activation. The sources and consequences of deep cognitive activation are examined, with a view toward understanding how this state is implicated in the assessment, etiology, and treatment of psychopathology.

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Research on context effects in word recognition: Ten years back and forth

Fischler

1981

Cognition

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Priming of association test responses by differential verbal contexts.

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

The selection of homograph meaning: Word association when context changes

The selection of homograph meaning: Word association when context changes

Deep cognitive activation: A new approach to the unconscious.

Research on context effects in word recognition: Ten years back and forth

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