Primate DRB6 gene expression and evolution: a study in <i>Macaca mulatta</i> and <i>Cercopithecus aethiops</i>

Paz‐Artal, Estela; Corell, Alfredo; Varela, Pilar; Martı́nez-Laso, Jorge; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo; Fernández-Soria, V.; Moreno, Miguel A.; Arnaiz‐Villena, Antonio

doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02544.x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All three cassettes start with the DRB6 pseudogene, which has an integrated Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV) with strong long terminal repeats (LTR) (Mayer et al 1993). This integration probably inactivated the DRB6 gene long ago, but the LTR took over the promotor function and drives, if present, transcription of the first exons in humans, chimpanzees, and macaques (Paz-Artal et al 1996; Fernandez-Soria et al 1998; Moreno-Pelayo et al 1999). Characterization of complete genomic regions allowed us to identify a second LTR profile that is associated with Mamu-DRB6 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the architecture of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II haplotypes in rhesus macaques

de Groot,

van der Wiel,

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The regions in the genome that encode components of the immune system are often featured by polymorphism, copy number variation and segmental duplications. There is a need to thoroughly characterize these complex regions to gain insight into the impact of genomic diversity on health and disease. Here we resolve the organization of complete major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II regions in rhesus macaques by using a long-read sequencing strategy (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) in concert with adaptive sampling. In particular, the expansion and contraction of the primate DRB-region appears to be a dynamic process that involves the rearrangement of different cassettes of paralogous genes. These chromosomal recombination events are propagated by a conserved pseudogene, DRB6, which features the integration of two retroviral elements. In contrast, the DRA locus appears to be protected from rearrangements, which may be due to the presence of an adjacently located truncated gene segment, DRB9. With our sequencing strategy, the annotation, evolutionary conservation, and potential function of pseudogenes can be reassessed, an aspect that was neglected by most genome studies in primates. Furthermore, our approach facilitates the characterization and refinement of an animal model essential to study human biology and disease.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the architecture of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II haplotypes in rhesus macaques

de Groot,

van der Wiel,

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

High levels of diversity characterize mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) Mhc-DRB sequences

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is highly polymorphic in most primate species studied thus far. The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) has been studied extensively and the Mhc-DRB region demonstrates variability similar to humans. The extent of MHC diversity is relatively unknown for other Old World monkeys (OWM), especially among genera other than Macaca. A molecular survey of the Mhc-DRB region in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) revealed extensive variability, suggesting that other OWMs may also possess high levels of Mhc-DRB polymorphism. In the present study, 33 Mhc-DRB loci were identified from only 13 animals. Eleven were wild-born and presumed to be unrelated and two were captive-born twins. Two to seven different sequences were identified for each individual, suggesting that some mandrills may have as many as four Mhc-DRB loci on a single haplotype. From these sequences, representatives of at least six Mhc-DRB loci or lineages were identified. As observed in other primates, some new lineages may have arisen through the process of gene conversion. These findings indicate that mandrills have Mhc-DRB diversity not unlike rhesus macaques and humans.

show abstract

Identification of new Mamu-DRB alleles using DGGE and direct sequencing

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rhesus macaques represent important animal models for biomedical research. The ability to identify macaque major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) alleles is crucial for fully understanding these models of autoimmune and infectious disease. Here we describe a rapid and unambiguous way to distinguish DRB alleles in the rhesus macaque using the polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and direct sequencing. The highly variable second exon of Mamu-DRB alleles was amplified using generic DRB primers and alleles were separated by DGGE. DNA was then reamplified from plugs removed from the gel and alleles were determined using fluorescent-based sequencing. Validity of this typing procedure was confirmed by identification of all DRB alleles for three macaques previously characterized by cloning and sequencing techniques. Importantly, our analysis revealed DRB alleles not previously identified in the three reference animals. Using this technique, we identified 40 alleles in fifteen unrelated macaques. On the basis of phylogenetic tree analyses, 14 new DRB alleles were assigned to 10 different Mhc-DRB lineages. Interestingly, two of the new DRB6 lineages had previously been identified in prosimians and pigtailed macaques. Whereas traditional DRB typing methods provide limited information, our new technique provides a simple and relatively rapid way of identifying DRB alleles for tissue typing, determining individual identification and studies of disease association and susceptibility. This new technique should also contribute to ongoing studies of Mhc function and evolution in many different species of nonhuman primates.

show abstract

Primate DRB6 gene expression and evolution: a study in Macaca mulatta and Cercopithecus aethiops

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Unravelling the architecture of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II haplotypes in rhesus macaques

Unravelling the architecture of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II haplotypes in rhesus macaques

High levels of diversity characterize mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) Mhc-DRB sequences

Identification of new Mamu-DRB alleles using DGGE and direct sequencing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About