High levels of diversity characterize mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) Mhc-DRB sequences

Abbott, Kristin M.; Wickings, E. Jean; Knapp, Leslie A.

doi:10.1007/s00251-006-0132-3

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The observed number of such shared polymorphic sites is far beyond that explained by multiple mutations. There are a number of shared polymorphic sites among other HLA-DRB genes (not shown), indicating that gene conversion has been active in the HLA-DRB cluster, thereby contributing to the introduction of new types of PBR.Very similar patterns are also observed in other primates (Go et al 2003;Abbott et al 2006;Doxiadis et al 2006). Of particular interest is chimpanzee's ortholog of HLA-DRB6 (represented by Patr-DRB6), which has a very high level of variation, although it is a pseudogene.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Preservation of a Pseudogene by Gene Conversion and Diversifying Selection

et al. 2008

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Interlocus gene conversion is considered a crucial mechanism for generating novel combinations of polymorphisms in duplicated genes. The importance of gene conversion between duplicated genes has been recognized in the major histocompatibility complex and self-incompatibility genes, which are likely subject to diversifying selection. To theoretically understand the potential role of gene conversion in such situations, forward simulations are performed in various two-locus models. The results show that gene conversion could significantly increase the number of haplotypes when diversifying selection works on both loci. We find that the tract length of gene conversion is an important factor to determine the efficacy of gene conversion: shorter tract lengths can more effectively generate novel haplotypes given the gene conversion rate per site is the same. Similar results are also obtained when one of the duplicated genes is assumed to be a pseudogene. It is suggested that a duplicated gene, even after being silenced, will contribute to increasing the variability in the other locus through gene conversion. Consequently, the fixation probability and longevity of duplicated genes increase under the presence of gene conversion. On the basis of these findings, we propose a new scenario for the preservation of a duplicated gene: when the original donor gene is under diversifying selection, a duplicated copy can be preserved by gene conversion even after it is pseudogenized. I NTERLOCUS gene conversion plays significant roles in shaping the pattern of polymorphism and divergence in duplicated genes (Ohta 1980;Li 1997;Innan 2003;Teshima and Innan 2004). Gene conversion exchanges DNA segments between duplicated genes, which is usually described as a copy-and-paste event ( Figure 1). With this mechanism, duplicated genes undergo nonindependent molecular evolution. There are at least two major outcomes of gene conversion, which seem somewhat conflicting. One is the phenomenon called ''concerted evolution,'' in which gene conversion reduces sequence variation between duplicates (Ohta 1980;Zimmer et al. 1980;Dover 1982;Li 1997). The other is that gene conversion creates and enhances genetic variation within a gene family (Miyata et al. 1980;Baltimore 1981;Ohta 1991Ohta , 1992Ohta , 1997. This discrepancy between the two conflicting outcomes can be explained when considering the role of selection and how ''genetic variation'' is defined.Concerted evolution is the outcome that can be more intuitively understandable, because it is obvious that a gene conversion event makes the sequence identical for the converted region regardless of its tract length (Figure 1). When gene conversion occurs frequently, the sequence identity between duplicated genes is likely high, while there would be some divergence from their orthologous genes in a different species. This phenomenon was first observed in the rDNA genes (Brown et al. 1972;Coen et al. 1982), and the genomewide significance of the role of gene conversion has been recently em...

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confidence: 54%

Preservation of a Pseudogene by Gene Conversion and Diversifying Selection

et al. 2008

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“…We genotyped all animals for which we had sufficient DNA for MHC-DRB, a highly variable group of MHC class II loci (details in Abbott et al 2006;). …”

Section: Mhc Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mate-guarding by male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) is associated with female MHC genotype

Setchell

Richards

Abbott

et al. 2016

BEHECO

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This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Behavioral Ecology following peer review. The version of record Setchell, J. M., Richards, S., Abbott, K. M. Knapp, L. A. (2016) Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. LAY SUMMARYWe examined whether male mate-guarding in mandrills varies with female genotype. Males were less likely to mate-guard females with specific genotypes which may be disadvantageous to offspring, and more likely to mate-guard females with genes that were different to their own, which would result in genetically diverse offspring. ABSTRACTFemale choice for male major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype has been widely tested, but the relationship between male mating strategies and female MHC genotype has received far less attention. Moreover, few studies of MHC-associated mate choice test for the fitness effects underlying such choice. We examined mate-guarding by male mandrills, a species with intense male-male competition and female offspring care. We developed a statistical model based on 10 years of observations to describe how the probability a female is mate-guarded varies across her sexual cycle, among cycles and among females. We accounted for female rank, parity and maternal relatedness. We then tested whether the occurrence of mate-guarding is influenced by (i) MHC-dissimilarity, (ii) female MHCdiversity, and (iii) specific female MHC genotypes. Finally, we tested for associations between MHC variables and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in blood samples taken during routine captures. The best-fit models included either MHC-dissimilarity (males were more likely to mate-guard more dissimilar females, and there was some evidence of preference for intermediate MHC-dissimilarity), or a specific MHC supertype. Four of 11 supertypes investigated were influential and one had a strong negative influence on mateguarding. We found some evidence that the MHC genotype that attracted the least mateguarding was disadvantageous in terms of immune function. However, we did not find evidence that MHC-diversity was related to immune function. These results suggest that highly competitive males modify their mating behaviour based on female MHC genotype, and a possible fitness benefit to mate choice for specific genotypes.

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“…We PCR-amplified MHC-DRB sequences and analysed products using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing [38] and repeated all genotyping experiments to confirm the assigned genotypes.…”

Section: (B) Odour Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) MHC genotyping We used DNA from blood collected during captures to genotype 40 study animals (24 males and 16 females) for MHC-DRB [34,38]; insufficient DNA was available for the remaining three males and three females for whom we had odour samples. We PCR-amplified MHC-DRB sequences and analysed products using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing [38] and repeated all genotyping experiments to confirm the assigned genotypes.…”

Section: (B) Odour Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour signals major histocompatibility complex genotype in an Old World monkey

et al. 2010

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an extraordinarily diverse cluster of genes that play a key role in the immune system. MHC gene products are also found in various body secretions, leading to the suggestion that MHC genotypes are linked to unique individual odourtypes that animals use to assess the suitability of other individuals as potential mates or social partners. We investigated the relationship between chemical odour profiles and genotype in a large, naturally reproducing population of mandrills, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and MHC genotyping. Odour profiles were not linked to the possession of particular MHC supertypes. Sex influenced some measures of odour diversity and dominance rank influenced some measures of odour diversity in males, but not in females. Odour similarity was strongly related to similarity at the MHC, and, in some cases, to pedigree relatedness. Our results suggest that odour provides both a cue of individual genetic quality and information against which the receiver can compare its own genotype to assess genetic similarity. These findings provide a potential mechanism underlying mate choice for genetic diversity and MHC similarity as well as kin selection.

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High levels of diversity characterize mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) Mhc-DRB sequences

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Preservation of a Pseudogene by Gene Conversion and Diversifying Selection

Preservation of a Pseudogene by Gene Conversion and Diversifying Selection

Mate-guarding by male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) is associated with female MHC genotype

Odour signals major histocompatibility complex genotype in an Old World monkey

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