Primary testicular lymphoma

Abstract

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare, clinically aggressive form of extranodal lymphoma. The vast majority of cases are histologically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but rarer subtypes are clinically important and must be recognized. In this review, we discuss the incidence, clinical presentation, and prognostic factors of PTL and present a summary of the recent advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, which may account for the characteristic clinical features. Although outcomes for patients with PTL have historically been poor, significant gains have been made with the successive addition of radiotherapy (RT), full-course anthracycline-based chemotherapy, rituximab and central nervous system–directed prophylaxis. We describe the larger retrospective series and prospective clinical trials and critically examine the role of RT. Although rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone given every 21 days with intrathecal methotrexate and locoregional RT is the current international standard of care, a substantial minority of patients progress, representing an unmet medical need. Finally, we discuss new treatment approaches and recent discoveries that may translate into improved outcomes for patients with PTL.

Primary Breast Lymphoma with Unconventional Presentation: A Case Report

“…According to the literature, the true prevalence of breast lymphoma has complex determination process [14,15]. Although its etiology is unknown, its association with different processes, like estrogen and autoimmune diseases has been portrayed, none of these associations were so far found in our patient [16].…”

Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas

“…In contrast, large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) subtypes, including primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), primary testicular lymphoma (PTL), and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL), present as localized masses in extranodal organs. [1][2][3][4] PCNSLs and PTLs, which both arise in sites that were previously considered to be immune sanctuaries, have inferior responses to therapies. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The defining genetic alterations in PCNSL and PTL and the relationships between these LBCLs, PMBL, and systemic DLBCL are incompletely characterized.…”

The Role of Imaging in Testicular Cancer Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-up

“…Testis lenfoması, bilateral testis kitlelerinin en sık nedenidir (7). Olguların %10-20'sinde senkron ya da asenkron kontralateral testis tutulumu olabilir (15,16). Laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), alfa fetoprotein (AFP) ve betainsan koryonik gonadotropin (β-hCG) gibi tümör belirteçleri testis tümörlü hastaların hem tanısında hem de evrelemesinde yardımcıdır.…”