Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a unique clinical finding accounting for 0.4-0.5% of all neoplasms in breast with a painless palpable mass being a most common presentation. On histopathological findings and radiological imaging, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most widespread identifiable type of PBL. We report a case who presented with Primary breast lymphoma having multiple metastatic lesions in lymph nodes, muscles and bones.
Objectives:
To identify the Impact of Covid 19 on academics, mental health and social life ofmedical StudentsMethods and materials:
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 13, 2021 to February 15, 2021. A validated self administered questionnaire was implemented among 297 undergraduate medical students of Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC) and NowsheraMedical College (NMC). Results were assessed by using SPSS version-28.0.Results:
More that 70% of students agreed to the fact that COVID-19 has affected their academics, mental health and social life. The lockdown has reduced the interest in studies of 73.7% students from BKMC and 77.9% students from NMC while 5-8% students from both colleges disagreed. The results obtained from the research study has shown that 57.6% medical students from BKMC and 64.1% students from NMC when alone during the pandemic felt a pronounced change in their mental status with 41.4% from BKMC and 35.9% from NMC noticing no change. About 23.2% BKMCites and 34.4% NMCites noticed an extensive change in their daily life while 19.2% students from BKMC and 9.9% students from NMC did not notice any change.Conclusion:
The present study outlined the impact of COVID-19 on education, mental state and social life of medical students. Our results call for urgent attention for setting up of psychological assistance in both government and private medical and dental colleges as an eff ective intervention to cope with disruption created by COVID-19.
Objective: To review all the patients of spinal dysraphism referred to our center over a three year period in order to identify the most typical neuro-radiological appearances on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018.
Methodology: MR spine reports of 144 patients of spinal dysraphism were retrospectively analyzed. Age, gender, indication for MRI, operative status, and neuro-radiological features (including site and type of lesion) were recorded for these patients.
Results: Congenital spinal malformations were more frequent among females87 (60.4%) and between 0-20 years 135 (93.9%) of age. Tethered cord 97 (67.4%) was the most common congenital spinal abnormality followed by spina bifida, diastematomyelia, vertebral segmentation anomalies, myelomeningocele, menigocele. Lip-myelomeningocele, lipoma of filum terminale, and sacral agenesis. Frequently observed associated abnormalities included scoliosis 61 (42.4 %), syrinx 47 (32.6%) and dural ectasia 40 (27.8 %).
Conclusion: Congenital spinal malformations are usually complex with variable radiological appearances. Modern high resolution MRI screening is the examination of choice for identification, preoperative evaluation, and long term follow up of such congenital anomalies.
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