Primary stimulus generalization of the GSR under two conditions.

Wickens, Delos D.; Schroder, Harold M.; Snide, John D.

doi:10.1037/h0053617

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The usual result with the GSR that the groups tested on stimuli less similar to the CS extinguished faster than those tested on stimuli more similar to the CS (Hovland, 1937a;Wickens et al, 1954) was not observed in the present study. Porter (1962) reports a generalization gradient of eyelid responding maintained over a series of 40 test trials.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…While the GSR has often been used in studies demonstrating generalization gradients (Bass & Hull, 1934;Grant & Schiller, 1953;Hovland, 1937aHovland, , 1937bMednick, 1957;Mednick & Wild, 1962;Wickens, Schroder, & Snide, 1954) the conditioned eyelid response has also been used in generalization studies. Vandament and Price (1964) decreased the intensity of the CS light over three additional values to create the test stimuli and obtained a smooth gradient of % CRs on the first test trial that ranged from 90% for the CS to 10% for the least similar test value.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stimulus generalization of the conditioned eyelid response to structurally similar nonsense syllables.

Abbott¹,

Price²

1964

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Ss were given 90 acquisition trials with a nonsense syllable as a CS, followed by 10 generalization test trials on 1 of 8 test syllables having different degrees of structural similarity to the CS. The test syllables had 3, 2, 1, or 0 letters in common with the CS. Conditioning was demonstrated to the syllable as a CS. Generalization to the test stimuli was observed with a significant downward gradient as a function of decreasing stimulus similarity developing on the first test trial. This initial gradient maintained its relative shape over the series of 10 test trials.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus generalization of the conditioned eyelid response to structurally similar nonsense syllables.

Abbott¹,

Price²

1964

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Second, early research on generalisation of CRs suggests that such generalisation decreases with increasing number of (non-)reinforced test trials (e.g. Razran, 1949;Wickens et al, 1954;Desiderato, 1964). In the present research this would imply that the degree of context specificity (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Factors affecting context specificity of appetitive conditioned responding

Maes

Havermans

Vossen

2000

Behavioural Processes

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“…In the former, each participant is exposed to the full range of test stimuli under conditions of extinction, while in the latter each participant is tested on a single value at test. These studies suggest that gradients are flatter with strong generalisation across the whole dimension when tested between-subjects, and more peaked and indicative of generalisation decrement when tested within-subjects (Grant & Schiller, 1953; Wickens, Schroder, & Snide, 1954). A more recent study by Vervliet, Iberico, Vervoort, and Baeyens (2011) demonstrated generally lower response levels at test using within-subjects rather than between-subjects testing of the dimension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rule-based processes in generalisation and peak shift in human fear conditioning

Ahmed

Lovibond

2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Two experiments explored the role of verbalisable rules in generalisation of human differential fear conditioning with electric shock as the aversive stimulus. Two circles of different sizes served as conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-), before testing with a range of circle sizes. In Experiment 1, shock expectancy ratings followed a peak-shifted unimodal gradient, with maximum ratings at a test value further along the dimension from CS+ in the opposite direction to CS-. However, differentiable gradients were observed when participants were divided on the basis of the rules they reported using during the task (linear and similarity). Experiment 2 was designed to counter the contradictory feedback arising from extinction testing by removing the shock electrodes during the test phase. A more linear overall gradient was observed, and sub-groups defined by self-reported rules showed distinct gradients that were congruent with their rules. These results indicate that rule-based processes are influential in generalisation of conditioned fear along simple stimulus dimensions, and may help explain generalisation phenomena that have traditionally been attributed to automatic, similarity-based processes.

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Primary stimulus generalization of the GSR under two conditions.

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Stimulus generalization of the conditioned eyelid response to structurally similar nonsense syllables.

Stimulus generalization of the conditioned eyelid response to structurally similar nonsense syllables.

Factors affecting context specificity of appetitive conditioned responding

Rule-based processes in generalisation and peak shift in human fear conditioning

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