Primary rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: Evidence from melt inclusions in Ulgii Khiid carbonatite, Mongolia

Mao, Feng; Song, Wenlei; Kynický, Jindřích; Smith, Martin; Cox, Clinten; Kotlánová, Michaela; Brtnický, Martin; Fu, Wei; Wei, Chunwan

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103294

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Salt-rich melts (including F-, Cl-, P-and S-rich melts) formed at the magmatic stage have been directly demonstrated by the study of natrocarbonatites enriched in F, Cl, P and SO 3 [Dawson, 1962, Keller and Zaitsev, 2012, Mangler et al, 2014, Potter et al, 2017. Melt inclusion studies have also highlighted the existence of salt melts coexisting with silicate melts [Feng et al, 2020, Frezzotti, 2001, Panina, 2005, Panina and Motorina, 2008, and especially F-, Cl-and P-rich immiscible alkaline silicate and carbonate melts [Berkesi et al, 2020, Guzmics et al, 2019. Such occurrences, combined with the fact that the most important REE-minerals in carbonatites correspond to fluoro-carbonates and phosphates, raise the question as to whether there is a link between F, Cl and P and the behaviour of REE in conjugate carbonate and silicate melts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These elements play an important role in the concentration, redistribution and deposition processes of REE [Jia and Liu, 2020, Louvel et al, 2015, Migdisov et al, 2016, Williams-Jones et al, 2012. Nonetheless, primary monazite or bastnaesite crystals have also been recognised and defined as magmatic phases in carbonatites [Castor, 2008, Feng et al, 2020, Mariano and Mariano, 2012, Néron et al, 2018, Verplanck et al, 2016, Wall and Mariano, 1996. The REE mineralisation can therefore originate from both magmatic or hydrothermal processes, and the boundary between the two mechanisms remains unclear [Anenburg et al, 2020, Chakhmouradian and Zaitsev, 2012, Verplanck et al, 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No direct effect of F, Cl and P on REE partitioning between carbonate and alkaline silicate melts

Nabyl¹,

Gaillard²,

Tuduri³

et al. 2022

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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This study presents new insights into the effects of halogens (F and Cl) and phosphorous (P) on rare earth element (REE) partitioning between carbonatite and alkaline silicate melts. F, Cl and P are elements that are abundant in carbonatites and alkaline magmatic systems and they are considered to play an important role on the REE behaviour. Nonetheless, their effect on REE partitioning between carbonate and alkaline silicate melts has not yet been constrained.Here we present new experimental data on REE partitioning between carbonate and alkaline silicate melts doped in F, Cl and P, in order to (1) test the Nabyl et al. [2020] REE partitioning model in F-, Cl-and P-rich systems, and (2) identify the possible role of F, Cl and P in carbonate melt REE enrichments during alkaline-carbonatite magma differentiation. The experiments were performed at 850-1050 °C and 0.8 GPa using piston-cylinder devices. Starting materials consisted of carbonatite and phonolite compositions ± doped in F, Cl and P. The experimental results show that REE partitioning is similar in F-Cl-P-rich and -poor systems. The silicate melt composition and its molecular structure (i.e. SiO 2 contents, the alumina saturation index and the alkali/alkaline-earth element ratio), which have already been identified as controlling REE partitioning in F-, Cl-and P-poor systems, still operate in doped systems. No direct effect of the F, Cl or P melt concentrations on REE partitioning has been identified. We also propose an application to natural systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No direct effect of F, Cl and P on REE partitioning between carbonate and alkaline silicate melts

Nabyl¹,

Gaillard²,

Tuduri³

et al. 2022

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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“…Therefore, rare earth carbonatites are a major focus of critical metal research. Over the past five years, several dozens of papers have been published on the subject of rare earth carbonatites (RE carbonatites) in Angola [5,6], Australia [7][8][9], Brazil [10,11], Canada [12][13][14][15][16][17], China [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], Finland [38], India [39][40][41][42], Italy [43,44], Malawi [45][46][47][48][49][50][51], Mongolia [52,53], Namibia…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry

et al. 2020

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The Vuoriyarvi Devonian carbonatite–ijolite–pyroxenite–olivinite complex comprises several carbonatite fields: Neske Vara, Tukhta-Vara, and Petyayan-Vara. The most common carbonatites in the Tukhta-Vara and Neske-Vara fields are calciocarbonatites, which host several P, Fe, Nb, and Ta deposits. This paper focuses on the Petyayan-Vara field, in which the primary magmatic carbonatites are magnesian. The least altered magnesiocarbonatites are composed of dolomite with burbankite and are rich in REE (up to 2.0 wt. %), Sr (up to 1.2 wt. %), and Ba (up to 0.8 wt. %). These carbonatites underwent several stages of metasomatism. Each metasomatic event produced a new rock type with specific mineralization. The introduction of K, Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Nb by a F-rich fluid (or fluid-saturated melt) resulted in the formation of high-Ti magnesiocarbonatites and silicocarbonatites, composed of dolomite, microcline, Ti-rich phlogopite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Alteration by a phosphate–fluoride fluid caused the crystallization of apatite in the carbonatites. A sulfate-rich Ba–Sr–rare-earth elements (REE) fluid (probably brine-melt) promoted the massive precipitation of ancylite and baryte and, to a lesser extent, strontianite, bastnäsite, and synchysite. Varieties of carbonatite that contain the highest concentrations of REE are ancylite-dominant. The influence of sulfate-rich Ba-Sr-REE fluid on the apatite-bearing rocks resulted in the dissolution and reprecipitation of apatite in situ. The newly formed apatite generation is rich in HREE, Sr, and S. During late-stage transformations, breccias of magnesiocarbonatites with quartz-bastnäsite matrixes were formed. Simultaneously, strontianite, quartz, calcite, monazite, HREE-rich thorite, and Fe-hydroxides were deposited. Breccias with quartz-bastnäsite matrix are poorer in REE (up to 4.5 wt. % total REE) than the ancylite-dominant rocks (up to 11 wt. % total REE).

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“…Numerous alkaline-carbonatite complexes were formed at this time (Nikiforov and Yarmolyuk, 2019), of which the most important are those in southern Mongolia, including the Mushghai Khudag, Bayan Khoshuu and Ulgii Khiid complexes, all of which are REE-enriched (Nikolenko et al, 2020(Nikolenko et al, , 2018Baatar et al, 2013). These complexes have commonly been described as rift-related, but several features, including enrichment in Ba, Sr, F, K and the LREE, are consistent with derivation from a mantle source that has been affected by subduction (Feng et al, 2020;Nikolenko et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mesozoicmentioning

confidence: 67%

Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

et al. 2021

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The rare earth elements (REE) are critical raw materials for much of modern technology, particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition. Many of the world’s largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites, which are found in intracontinental, rift-related settings, and also in syn- to post-collisional settings. Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits, such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China. This paper reviews REE mineralisation in syn- to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide, in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits. We use three examples, in Scotland, Namibia, and Turkey, to illustrate the structure of these systems. We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes. It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralisation in these settings, with REE, Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase. The most significant REE mineralisation in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level, carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions, but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.

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Primary rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: Evidence from melt inclusions in Ulgii Khiid carbonatite, Mongolia

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

No direct effect of F, Cl and P on REE partitioning between carbonate and alkaline silicate melts

No direct effect of F, Cl and P on REE partitioning between carbonate and alkaline silicate melts

The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry

Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

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