Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

Geider, Richard J.; DeLucia, Evan H.; Falkowski, Paul G.; Finzi, Adrien C.; Grime, J. Philip; Grace, John; Kana, Todd M.; Long, Stephen P.; Osborne, Bruce; Platt, Trevor; Prentice, Iain Colin; Raven, John A.; Schlesinger, William H.; Smetacek, Victor; Stuart, Venetia; Sathyendranath, Shubha; Thomas, Randall S.; Vogelmann, Tom C.; Williams, Peter; Woodward, F. I.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00448.x

Cited by 295 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…On a global basis, plants and soils may hold more than twice the amount of carbon pres ent in the atmosphere [Geider et al, 2001]. Under increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) concentrations and subsequently warm ing temperatures, these large biogenic pools may change in size [Cox et al, 2000].…”

Section: Pages 8590mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating carbon budgets for U.S. ecosystems

et al. 2006

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On a global basis, plants and soils may hold more than twice the amount of carbon present in the atmosphere [Geider et al., 2001]. Under increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and subsequently warming temperatures, these large biogenic pools may change in size [Cox et al., 2000]. Due to a lack of long‐term field studies, there is uncertainty as to whether vegetation and soils will act as a net sink or a source of atmospheric CO2 in coming years. It is certain, however, that no retrospective analysis of the U.S. carbon balance will be possible without a comprehensive historical baseline of the sizes of various ecosystem carbon pools and the variability in their net annual increments.

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Section: Pages 8590mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating carbon budgets for U.S. ecosystems

et al. 2006

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“…The photosynthetic production of organic matter by phytoplankton supports the food webs of the entire pelagic and demersal marine ecosystems (Baines et al, 1994;Mills, 1975;Reynolds, 2006). Despite being limited to the upper layer of the ocean (euphotic zone) the net primary production of the ocean is comparable to the terrestrial primary production at 48.3 and 56.4 GtC·yr -1 , respectively (Geider et al, 2001). …”

Section: S11 Primary Production and Vertical Carbon Fluxmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure factors for marine eutrophication impacts assessment based on a mechanistic biological model

Cosme

Koski

Hauschild

2015

Ecological Modelling

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Document Version Peer reviewed version Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA):Cosme, N. M. D., Koski, M., & Hauschild, M. Z. (2015). Exposure factors for marine eutrophication impacts assessment based on a mechanistic biological model. Ecological Modelling, 317, 50-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.09.005 Cosme et al. / Ecological Modelling 317 (2015 AbstractEmissions of nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic sources enrich marine waters and promote planktonic growth. This newly synthesised organic carbon is eventually exported to benthic waters where aerobic respiration by heterotrophic bacteria results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen (DO). This pathway is typical of marine eutrophication. A model is proposed to mechanistically estimate the response of coastal marine ecosystems to N inputs. It addresses the biological processes of nutrient-limited primary production (PP), metazoan consumption, and bacterial degradation, in four distinct sinking routes from primary (cell aggregates) and secondary producers (faecal pellets, carcasses, and active vertical transport). Carbon export production (P E ) and ecosystems eXposure Factors (XF), which represents a nitrogen-to-oxygen 'conversion' potential, were estimated at a spatial resolution of 66 large marine ecosystem (LME), five climate zones, and site-generic. The XFs obtained range from 0.45 (Central Arctic Ocean) to 15.9 kgO 2 ·kgN -1 (Baltic Sea). While LME resolution is recommended, aggregated P E or XF per climate zone can be adopted, but not global aggregation due to high variability. The XF is essential to estimate a marine eutrophication impacts indicator in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) of anthropogenic-N emissions. Every relevant process was modelled and the uncertainty of the driving parameters considered low suggesting valid applicability in characterisation modelling in LCIA.

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“…Because of the embedded commitment of states and firms in fossil fuel systems, emergent AP technology firms ( perhaps working in association with a global AP project) can expect to encounter opposition in the form of (i) government subsidies to existing fossil fuel firms; (ii) objections by incumbent firms to planning and infrastructure approvals sought by AP technology firms; (iii) litigation in relation to credence claims made by AP technology firms; that is, allegations of misleading or deceptive claims associated with marketing AP technology; and (iv) possible collusion and cartel behaviour amongst incumbent firms to deny energy inputs to AP technology firms. 1 …”

Section: Strategic Barriers To Market Entry Of Products For a Global mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This world's supply of food and fuel for human needs as well as ecosystem sustainability remains critically dependent on the 385 Â 10 9 tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide fixed annually through biological photosynthesis [1]. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are presently predominant sources of energy for human society that are actually ancient remnants of this photosynthetic process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable fuel, food, fertilizer and ecosystems through a global artificial photosynthetic system: overcoming anticompetitive barriers

Bruce

Faunce

2015

Interface Focus.

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This article discusses challenges that artificial photosynthetic (AP) systems will face when entering and competing in a global market characterized by established fossil fuel technology. It provides a perspective on the neoliberal principles underpinning much policy entrenching such environmentally destructive technology and outlines how competition law could aid overcoming these hurdles for AP development. In particular, it critiques the potential for competition law to promote a global AP initiative with greater emphasis on atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen fixation (as well as solar-driven water splitting) to produce an equitable, globally distributed source of human food, fertilizer and biosphere sustainability, as well as hydrogen-based fuel. Some relevant strategies of competition law evaluated in this context include greater citizen–consumer involvement in shaping market values, legal requirements to factor services from the natural environment (i.e. provision of clean air, water, soil pollution degradation) into corporate costs, reform of corporate taxation and requirements to balance maximization of shareholder profit with contribution to a nominated public good, a global financial transactions tax, as well as prohibiting horizontal cartels, vertical agreements and unilateral misuse of market power.

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Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

Cited by 295 publications

References 136 publications

Estimating carbon budgets for U.S. ecosystems

Estimating carbon budgets for U.S. ecosystems

Exposure factors for marine eutrophication impacts assessment based on a mechanistic biological model

Sustainable fuel, food, fertilizer and ecosystems through a global artificial photosynthetic system: overcoming anticompetitive barriers

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