Primary production in the eastern tropical Pacific: A review

Pennington, J. Timothy; Mahoney, Kevin L.; Kuwahara, Victor S.; Kolber, Dorota; Calienes, Ruth; Chávez, Francisco P.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.012

Cited by 608 publications

(621 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…They also note that frequent nearshore cloud coverage, especially in winter, could cause an improper quantification of the intense surface blooms. Thus, the two data sets were aligned by increasing the SeaWiFS productivity by a factor of 1.25, resulting in a mean PP of 2.7 ± 1.2 g C m −2 d −1 for the time period 1998 to 2015 that is in good agreement with observations of 1.8 to 5.2 g C m −2 d −1 based on ship-collected PP estimates (Pennington et al, 2006;Quiñones et al, 2010).…”

Section: Poc Rain Rate (Rrpoc)supporting

confidence: 77%

“…The intra-annual biogeochemistry of the Peruvian upwelling system is well-recognized, resulting from strong seasonality in the intensity of upwelling, primary production and hydrodynamic factors (Pennington et al, 2006;Echevin et al, 2008Echevin et al, , 2014Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Graco et al, 2016). Yet, the corresponding variability in sediment biogeochemistry on the Peruvian shelf is only just beginning to be appreciated.…”

Section: Discussion Sediment Feedbacks On the Peruvian Shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly caused by variability in the intensity of upwellingfavorable winds and the delivery of nutrient-rich Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESSW) that fuels phytoplankton production there (Pennington et al, 2006;Chavez et al, 2008;Chaigneau et al, 2013;Graco et al, 2016). Primary productivity ranges from 1.8 to 5.2 g C m −2 d −1 (Pennington et al, 2006;Quiñones et al, 2010) and leads to a permanent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) where dissolved oxygen concentrations are essentially zero (Thamdrup et al, 2012;Ulloa et al, 2012). On the shelf, however, bottom water redox conditions can be highly variable as a result of respiration in the water column plus the interaction of climatic variability and equatorial forcing associated with El Niño events and the passage of coastal trapped waves (Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Graco et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong and Dynamic Benthic-Pelagic Coupling and Feedbacks in a Coastal Upwelling System (Peruvian Shelf)

2017

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Monthly time-series data (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)) of bottom water oxygen, nitrate and nitrite concentrations from the outer shelf (150 m water depth) in the oxygen minimum zone offshore Peru were coupled to a layered biogeochemical sediment model to investigate benthic-pelagic coupling over multi-annual time scales. The model includes the mineralization of four reactive pools of particulate organic carbon (POC) with lifetimes of 0.13, 1.3, 20, and 1700 year that were constrained using empirical data. Total POC rain rates to the seafloor were derived from satellite based estimates of primary production. Solute fluxes and concentrations in sediment porewater showed highly dynamic behavior over the course of a typical year. Conversion of fixed N to N 2 by denitrification varied from 1.1 mmol m −2 d −1 of N in winter to 1.8 mmol m −2 d −1 of N in summer with a long term mean N loss for the shelf of 1.5 mmol m −2 d −1 of N. Fixed N loss across the whole time-series agreed very well with a previously-published vertically-integrated sediment model for coupling the benthic and pelagic N cycle in regional and global models. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) emerges as a major process in the benthic N cycle, producing on average 1.9 mmol m −2 d −1 of ammonium: more than twice the rate of ammonification of organic nitrogen. The model predicts sulfide emissions from the sediment of up to 1 mmol m −2 d −1 when POC rain rate exceeds 20 mmol m −2 d −1 , in agreement with past observations of benthic sulfide fluxes and sulfide plume distributions in the water column. This study demonstrates that sediments on the Peruvian shelf are not static repositories that are independent of changes taking place in the water column. Our results strongly suggest the shelf sediments must exert an important feedback on biogeochemical processes in the overlying waters, and should be considered in regional model studies.

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Section: Poc Rain Rate (Rrpoc)supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussion Sediment Feedbacks On the Peruvian Shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong and Dynamic Benthic-Pelagic Coupling and Feedbacks in a Coastal Upwelling System (Peruvian Shelf)

2017

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“…This assumption has the advantage explaining the similarity between alkenone-derived SST trends through a systematic signal formation during a narrow seasonal time interval in the course of a year, as depicted in Huybers and Wunsch (2003). This hypothesis is in broad agreement with modern seasonal changes in primary productivity in the EEP (Pennington et al, 2006). On the other hand, the Mg/Ca-derived Holocene SST evolution in the EEP that was not marked by a general warming can be explained by a systematic sampling of the other seasons.…”

Section: Mg/ca-derived Sst Trends During the Holocenesupporting

confidence: 59%

Holocene and Eemian sea surface temperature trends as revealed by alkenone and Mg/Ca paleothermometry

Leduc

Schneider

Kim

et al. 2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

386

238

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a b s t r a c tIn this study we review a global set of alkenone-and foraminiferal Mg/Ca-derived sea surface temperatures (SST) records from the Holocene and compare them with a suite of published Eemian SST records based on the same approach. For the Holocene, the alkenone SST records belong to the actualized GHOST database (Kim, J.-H., Schneider R.R., (2004). GHOST global database for alkenone-derived Holocene seasurface temperature records. Available from: http://www.pangaea.de/Projects/GHOST.), while the Mg/ Ca-derived SST database represents a new compilation. The actualized GHOST database not only confirms the SST changes previously described but also documents the Holocene temperature evolution in new oceanic regions such as the Northwestern Atlantic, the eastern equatorial Pacific, and the Southern Ocean. A comparison of Holocene SST records stemming from the two commonly applied paleothermometry methods reveals contrasting -sometimes divergent -SST evolution, particularly at low latitudes where SST records are abundant enough to infer systematic discrepancies at a regional scale. Opposite SST trends at particular locations could be explained by out-of-phase trends in seasonal insolation during the Holocene. This hypothesis assumes that a strong contrast in the ecological responses of coccolithophores and planktonic foraminifera to winter and summer oceanographic conditions is the ultimate reason for seasonal differences in the origin of the temperature signal provided by these organisms. As a simple test for this hypothesis, Eemian SST records are considered because the Holocene and Eemian time periods experienced comparable changes in orbital configurations, but had a higher magnitude in insolation variance during the Eemian. For several regions, SST changes during both interglacials were of a similar sign, but with higher magnitudes during the Eemian as compared to the Holocene. This observation suggests that the ecological mechanism shaping SST trends during the Holocene was comparable during the penultimate interglacial period. Although this ''ecology hypothesis'' fails to explain all of the available results, we argue that any other mechanism would fail to satisfactorily explain the observed SST discrepancies among proxies.

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“…This high productivity is the result of 'coastal upwelling' -a phenomenon driven by southerly trade winds that brings cold, nutrient-rich water from 40 to 80 m up into the euphotic zone where it supports phytoplankton growth Pennington et al, 2006). As a result, the system supports a large biomass of small planktivorous pelagic fish -comprising the bulk of catches by a large purse seining fleet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%