“…Teachers' mathematical beliefs consist of philosophies regarding the nature of mathematics, the occurrence of pedagogical discourse in mathematics, and the ideal occurrence of pedagogical transactions in the classroom (Çam, 2015;Ernest, 1989aErnest, , 1989bPurnomo, Suryadi, & Darwis, 2016;Purnomo, 2017;Siswono, Kohar, Kurniasari, & Hartono, 2018;Thompson, 1991;Xenofontos, 2018;Xie, & Cai, 2018). It is clear that teachers' beliefs play a formidable function in their pedagogical transactions and enactment of program restructuring (Handal, & Herrington, 2003;Kagan, 1992;Pajares, 1992), but remains unclear if teachers' beliefs impact pedagogical comportment or if their in-class transactions impact the beliefs they hold (Purnomo, 2017;Buzeika, 1996). While a teacher's belief is vigorous and strong (Pajares, 1992), impervious to modification (Çam, 2015;Kagan, 1992;Shi, Zhang, & Lin, 2014;Block & Hazelip, 1995;Awofala & Awolola, 2011), acts as barricades to vicissitudes in pedagogical transactions (Fullan, & Stegelbauer, 1991;Purnomo, 2017;Awofala & Awolola, 2011), and functions as sifters of innovative knowledge (Nespor, 1987;Pajares, 1992;Xie, & Cai, 2018), teachers' beliefs may ease or obstruct program restructuring (Koehler, & Grouws, 1992;Sosniak, Ethington, & Varelas, 1991;Burkhardt, Fraser, & Ridgway, 1990;Awofala & Awolola, 2011).…”