Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus

Chaer, Rabih A.; Massad, Malek G.; Evans, Alexander; Snow, Norman; Geha, Alexander S.

doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(02)03547-6

Cited by 113 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A characteristic feature of these tumors is the presence of nests of tumor cells that are detached from the surrounding stroma and contain areas of necrosis. They usually show cytologic and architectural features of neuroendocrine differentiation and hence can be positive for CD56,Neuron Specific Enolase(NSE),Chromogranin, Somatostatin and Synaptophysin [9].…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thymic Tumors

Bushan

Sharma

Verma

2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Thymic tumors represent 0.2-1.5 % of all malignancies with an incidence of 0.15 per 100,000 population. Thymic tumors are most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum accounting for 20 % of all mediastinal tumors and 50 % of all anterior mediastinal tumors. Over 90 % of all thymic tumors occur in anterior mediastinum, remainder occurring in neck or other mediastinal areas especially aortopulmonary window and retro cardiac area which are common sites for ectopic thymic tissues and possible explanation for failure in some cases of simple thymectomy to improve Myasthenia Gravis(MG). The aim of this review is to discuss histologic classification, diagnostic features, evaluation, management and prognosis of thymic tumors.

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Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thymic Tumors

Bushan

Sharma

Verma

2013

Indian J Surg Oncol

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“…Nearly one-third of patients are asymptomatic and the remaining patients have symptoms resulting from rapidly expanding mediastinal tumor. At least 20% of patients have distant metastasis at presentation, most commonly to the liver, lung, bone, pleura, and pancreas (39). Approximately 40% of patients have Cushing syndrome as a result of tumor secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and up to 20% have multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes I and II.…”

Section: Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal tumors

Takahashi¹,

Al-Janabi²

2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

174

131

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We describe the clinical, pathological, and imaging findings of mediastinal tumors with focus on thymic hyperplasia, thymic epithelial tumors, and germ cell tumors, malignant lymphoma, and various cystic masses. Chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in characterization of the normal thymus and differentiation of hyperplastic thymus and thymic tumors. In contrast to noninvasive thymomas, invasive thymomas and thymic carcinomas show a more aggressive growth pattern. Local invasion and pleural spread are characteristic of invasive thymoma and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis suggest thymic carcinomas. Mature teratoma typically shows various computed tomography (CT) attenuation, and MR signal intensity depending on its contents and fat tissue and bone within the lesions are its characteristic findings. Seminomas typically have homogenous internal CT attenuation and MR signal intensity with minimal contrast enhancement. Nonseminomatous malignant germ cell tumors characteristically show prominent internal degenerative changes and invasion to the adjacent structures. In mediastinal lymphomas, a residual mass is common after treatment and MRI provides important information in distinguishing viable tumors from residual benign masses. Some mediastinal cysts may reveal high attenuation similar to solid lesions on CT depending on their contents and MRI can be useful in the differentiation of cystic masses from solid lesions.

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“…Tab. 1): 4 niedriggradig maligne NET (typisches Karzinoid), 4 mäßiggradig maligne NET (atypisches Karzinoid) und 4 hochgradig maligne NET (großzel-liges neuroendokrines Karzinom, kleinzelliges Karzinom).…”

Section: Klassifikationenunclassified