Primary nervous system lymphoma in cats

Rissi, Daniel R.; McHale, Brittany; Miller, Andrew D.

doi:10.1177/10406387221090281

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In one study multicentric involvement was present in 84.6% of cats with spinal cord lymphoma (2), and another study showed that although all cats were evaluated for neurologic deficits, 85% of the necropsied cases had a multicentric disease (21). Primary lymphoma, originated and restricted to the spinal cord, has been also described in cats with intramedullary and epidural localizations reported (6,19,22). In humans, almost 100% of primary spinal cord lymphomas affect intramedullary structures and the majority of metastatic lymphomas are extramedullary (6).…”

Section: Primary and Secondary Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features, and pathological findings of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats

Lorenzo

Ribeiro²,

Bernardini³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This multicentric retrospective study describes the clinical and MRI features and pathological studies of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats. MRI characteristics and their possible correlations with histopathological findings were studied. The most frequent neurological signs were rapidly progressive paraparesis (62.9%) or paraplegia (22.2%). Bimodal age distribution was found with 40.7% of cats aged ≤2.5 years (63.6% of them FeLV positive), and 44.4% of cats aged ≥8 years (16.7% of them FeLV positive). Spinal lymphoma was generally presented on MRI as an ill-defined epidural focal lesion with moderate to severe spinal cord compression, expanding more than one vertebral body. MRI lesions were typically localized in the lumbar vertebral segment (p = 0.01), circumferential to the spinal cord (p = 0.04), hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences (p = 4.3e-06), and isointense on T1-weighted sequences (p = 8.9e-07). The degree and pattern of contrast enhancement were variable. Other morphological patterns included paravertebral masses with extension into the vertebral canal and lesions centered in the spinal nerve roots. Involvement of vertebrae and adjacent spinal soft tissues was present in 74% of cases when present vertebral involvement was characterized by cortical sparing. When follow-up MRI studies (n = 4) were performed after treatment new lesions of similar nature but different localizations and extension were observed. Confirmation of spinal lymphoma was performed by CSF analysis in 4/27 (14.8%) of cases, by FNA in 6/27 (22.2%) of cases, by surgical biopsy in 10/27 (37%) of cases, by FNA and surgical biopsy in 1/27 (3.7%) of cases, by CSF, FNA, surgical biopsy and postmorten examination in 1/27 (3.7%) of cases, and postmorten studies in 5/27 (18.5%) of cases. Antemortem diagnosis was achieved in 22/27 (81.5%) cats. The presence of necrosis in histopathological studies as an unfavorable prognostic indicator of survival was significantly more probable when lesions were not hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences (p = 0.017). Spinal lymphoma in cats is a complex entity with heterogeneous imaging and histopathological appearance. However, certain MRI features may support a tentative diagnosis, which in a group of cases can be confirmed when combined with the CSF findings. For the rest of the cases, tissue sampling assisted by imaging findings remains necessary for definitive diagnosis.

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Section: Primary and Secondary Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features, and pathological findings of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats

Lorenzo

Ribeiro²,

Bernardini³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In this study, the spinal cord was the preferential site for lymphoma (45.8% of cases) compared to the brain (41.6% of cases) ( 6 , 7 ). However, for the brain lymphoma, the percentage tended to consistently decrease if related to all the brain tumors (69 cases) diagnosed in our lab in the same period (14.4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Although a larger cohort of cases is necessary to confirm such an apparent change of course, this result appears to be consistently contrary to that reported in the dog as well ( 23 ). A cohort of ten feline primary nervous system lymphomas accounting for 27% of nervous system lymphomas recently described supports this new perspective should not be ignored in the clinical approach ( 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In the feline specie, lymphoma of the nervous system accounts for no more than 13% of all lymphomas, most commonly as a secondary event in a multicentric neoplastic disease ( 5 , 6 ). In recent years, a not negligible incidence of 24% has been reported for the primary feline lymphoma occurring in the central nervous system ( 7 ). Although the overall prevalence of lymphoma affecting the nervous system is rather limited, in the cat, this tumor represents the most common intracranial neoplasia (14.4%) after meningioma (58.1%) ( 8 ), and the first tumor of the spinal cord with 38.8%, followed by vertebral osteosarcoma (16.5%) ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, studies concerning immunophenotype of feline nervous system lymphoma referred to specific anatomical patterns are still fragmentary since generally performed on single cases or small case cohorts. Similarly, few data are reported on the nervous system lymphoma grade of cats ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline lymphoma of the nervous system. Immunophenotype and anatomical patterns in 24 cases

Mandara

Domini²,

Giglia³

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This study aimed to describe the specific localization and anatomical pattern of 24 feline lymphomas of the nervous system for which the immunophenotype was identified by immunohistochemistry investigations to support the potential specific correlation between subtypes and anatomical patterns. In total 10 tumors affected the spinal cord, eight the brain, four the peripheral nerves, one involved both the brain and the spinal cord, and one simultaneously the brain and the optic nerves. Twenty two tumors were primary lymphomas. The affected animals were 8 years of mean age. Tumors developed as an extra-axial mass (11 cases), intra-axial mass (six cases), leptomeningeal lymphomatosis (three cases), and neurolymphomatosis (five cases). One of them expressed both leptomeningeal lymphomatosis and neurolymphomatosis patterns. Two intra-axial brain lymphomas showed an angiotropic pattern. The optic chiasm was the most involved site for neurolymphomatosis. Immunolabeling was performed using anti-CD3, CD20, CD79a, PAX5, MUM-1, CD56, and anti-CD44 antibodies. In total, 12 tumors consisted of B cell lymphomas, and six of T cell lymphomas, two cases were double-reactive lymphomas while two cases consisted of non-B non-T lymphomas. B cell lymphoma affected animals of 6.4 years of mean age, while the T cell lymphoma affected older animals (mean age of 11.1 years). Extra-axial tumors mainly consisted of B cell lymphomas (8/11). Neurolymphomatosis expressed different immunophenotypes, and the B cell phenotype was the most prevalent in the optic chiasm. Two leptomeningeal lymphomatoses expressed T cell immunophenotype. For the first time, plasmacytoid differentiation was found for angiotropic lymphoma and neurolymphomatosis. All the cases, except one, were CD56-negative. CD44-expression confirmed a common malignant potential for all the anatomical patterns of the nervous system lymphoma in cats. Immunophenotype of feline lymphoma of the nervous system and its potential association with specific anatomical patterns should be strongly required in the diagnostic workup and clinical approach to this tumor especially when its primary origin is confirmed.

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A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats

Rissi

2023

Vet Pathol

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Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.

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Primary nervous system lymphoma in cats

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features, and pathological findings of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features, and pathological findings of spinal lymphoma in 27 cats

Feline lymphoma of the nervous system. Immunophenotype and anatomical patterns in 24 cases

A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats

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