Primary malignant melanoma of uterine cervix

Omranipour, Ramesh; Mahmoodzadeh, Habibollah; Jalaeefar, Amirmohsen; Abdirad, Afshin; Parsaei, R.; Ebrahimi, Reza

doi:10.3109/01443615.2013.834297

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the exclusion phase, seven studies (five retrospective cohorts and two prospective cohorts) that included 51 cases with primary MM of the cervix were excluded from the review because they did not provide individual patient data ( Table S1 ). Finally, 96 studies [ 4 , 7 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Melanoma of the Cervix Uteri: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Reported Cases

Kechagias

Zafeiri

Triantafyllidis

et al. 2023

Biology

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Primary malignant melanoma (MM) of the cervix uteri is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the female reproductive tract. Considering that clinical data on this cancer are scarce, we aimed to comprehensively examine the currently available literature and provide an overview of the reported cases of cervical MM focusing on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapeutic management. We conducted a systematic review of the literature by screening three electronic databases until June 2022. The critical appraisal checklist provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute was employed to evaluate the overall quality of the studies. We included 96 reports, which comprised 137 patients diagnosed with MM of the cervix. The mean age of the patients was 56.5 (median: 58, age range: 33–88). Data regarding menopausal status were provided for 98 patients with 15 being premenopausal and 83 being postmenopausal. The most common presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding (83%, 100/121). Biopsy (either excisional or punch biopsy) was used as the first diagnostic modality in most of the patients (67%, 64/95), followed by cytology (18%, 17/95). In 74 cases, the FIGO staging system for cervical cancer was used with the most common stage being FIGO stage I (38%, 28/74), followed by FIGO stage II (36%, 27/74), FIGO stage III (19%, 14/74) and FIGO stage IV (7%, 5/74). Most of the patients were managed surgically (90%, 119/131) with a hysterectomy (either radical or total), and a salpingo-oophorectomy with/without lymphadenectomy was the most common approach utilized (40%, 48/119). The data of clinical outcomes were provided for 105 patients, of whom 61 died (58%, 61/105) and 44 survived (42%, 44/105). Knowledge regarding the rare occurrence of MM in the cervix and the increased awareness of clinicians can prevent clinical misdiagnosis and ultimately improve further the clinical outcomes of patients developing this rare malignancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Melanoma of the Cervix Uteri: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Reported Cases

Kechagias

Zafeiri

Triantafyllidis

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…The size of the tumor may be 0.3 to 9 cm (mean diameter 3 cm), as was in our case [ 7 ]. The color of the lesions varies from dark black-brown-blue, due to melanin accumulation, to reddish and in some cases pinkish [ 7 , 34 , 36 , 37 ]. It should be mentioned that melanin is not always detected in cervical MM cells and approximately 45% of these tumors are amelanotic, compared to 10% of cutaneous amelanotic MMs [ 26 ].…”

Section: Review Of the Literature And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Markers that are commonly positively expressed are S-100, HMB-45, Melan-A(MART1), Vimentin, and SOX10 [ 5 , 7 , 23 , 35 , 37 ]. Negative expression of Cytokeratin is being observed, similarly to cutaneous MMs [ 33 , 36 ]. S-100 is considered the standard marker, with high sensitivity for primary and metastatic MM, that reaches up to 94% [ 23 , 27 ].…”

Section: Review Of the Literature And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The establishment of PMMC diagnosis requires the exclusion of metastatic MM, from another primary neoplastic site, which is mainly of cutaneous, but may also be of mucosal origin [ 7 , 41 ]. Thus, the skin, the uveal tract, the esophagus, and the anorectal region should be promptly investigated for a primary lesion [ 33 , 36 ]. The absence of junctional activity on histology could be an indicator of a possible metastatic rather than primary MM of the cervix [ 33 ].…”

Section: Review Of the Literature And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) remains a subject of controversy. Some authors and clinicians advocate its use in low-risk surgical patients or in cases with large growth of the tumor with the presence of pigmented lymph nodes since it offers a potential benefit in the survival and allows for a more accurate staging of the disease in order to plan for any adjuvant therapy [ 18 , 28 , 36 ]. It has also been reported that in cases of bulky unresectable disease, a palliative and more conservative surgical option is suggested, with local and limited excision of lesions identified [ 7 , 28 ].…”

Section: Review Of the Literature And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Cervix: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Diakosavvas

Fasoulakis

Kouroupi

et al. 2020

Case Reports in Oncological Medicine

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Background. Gynecologic melanomas are extremely rare malignancies, and primary malignant melanoma of the cervix (PMMC) is the rarest among them all, with less than 100 cases reported so far. Although some conditions have been correlated with the pathogenesis of this entity, no specific risk factor has been yet identified, with vaginal bleeding being the most common symptoms. The diagnosis is based on physical examination with speculum assessment and cytologic and histopathologic findings accompanied with immunohistochemical staining of lesion’s biopsies. Case Presentation. We report a case of PMMC in a 34-year-old para-2 patient, among the youngest cases of PMMC reported, that presented to our clinic for routine examination. Gynecologic examination demonstrated a dark, heavily fully pigmented cervical growth completely covering the entire external cervical os. Biopsy obtained and showed malignant melanoma. She underwent radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The pathological diagnosis was FIGO stage IB1 PMMC. Despite 2 courses of anti-PD-1 antibody (Nivolumab) treatment, the patient passed away 13 months after diagnosis (12 months after surgery). Conclusions. Early diagnosis and subsequently early treatment are of high importance regarding patients’ prognosis and survival. No standardized protocols or treatment guidelines specific for this rare cancer have been issued; thus, clinicians are called to assess each case individually. Current treatment options are based on surgical excision mostly with radical hysterectomy, but in advanced or recurrent state of the disease, other treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, can be employed. Prognosis for these patients is very poor, and survival rate remains extremely low, with the median OS reported being less than 2 years. Reporting and publishing of such cases are both of paramount importance for the better understanding of this uncommon cervical malignancy, and further biological and clinical investigations are required for more suitable and effective therapies to be determined. A new staging system, specific to PMMC, could be of great use for the better correlation of the disease’s stage and prognosis of these patients.

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Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix: 14 cases and literature overview

Sun¹,

Chen

Chen³

et al. 2018

Melanoma Research

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Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix (PMMC) is a rare and aggressive tumor. Studies on clinicopathological findings, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of this disease are lacking. We reviewed 14 cases of PMMC recorded from January 1972 to February 2017 at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Twelve (85.7%) of the 14 patients presented a history of vaginal bleeding and 11 (78.6%) underwent surgery. The overall survival was 3-70 months, with a median time of 13.7 months. Patients who underwent surgery (P=0.035) had high survival rates, whereas those with lymph node metastasis and late International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage had poor survival rates, but did not show a significant difference (P=0.187 and 0.053, respectively) compared with those without node metastasis and early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage. PMMC is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is the main treatment of choice for PMMC.

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Primary malignant melanoma of uterine cervix

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Primary Melanoma of the Cervix Uteri: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Reported Cases

Primary Melanoma of the Cervix Uteri: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Reported Cases

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Cervix: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix: 14 cases and literature overview

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