Primary frequency regulation supported by battery storage systems in power system dominated by renewable energy sources

Turk, Ana; Sandelić, Monika; Noto, Giancarlo; Pillai, Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna; Chaudhary, Sanjay K.

doi:10.1049/joe.2018.9349

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The energy storage system acts as a load and gets itself charged while during the power insufficiency the energy storage system supplies power to maintain balance in demand and supply and hence it eases the frequency fluctuation. The obtained results are compared with previously published paper [29]. In the previous work, the energy storage system contains only battery without the extra components and provides in alone power system for taking the more effectiveness of battery.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 90%

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Grid-connected advanced energy storage scheme for frequency regulation

Akhtar

Kirmani

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Secure and economic operation of the modern power system is facing major challenges these days. Grid-connected Energy Storage System (ESS) can provide various ancillary services to electrical networks for its smooth functioning and helps in the evolution of the smart grid. The main limitation of the wide implementation of ESS in the power system is the high cost, low life, low energy density, etc. However, improved battery technology is changing the scenario rapidly. Also, any mismatch in power demand and supply causes fluctuation in frequency. Therefore, this paper presents a way for reducing the frequency fluctuation using an Advanced Energy Storage System with utility inductors. To compensate for the mismatch of supply and demand, a new system is proposed so that the nominal frequency of the power system is maintained. Due to the very high penetration of energy systems, there is a need for frequency regulation, hence different control strategies are employed to overcome this problem. In case of extreme power supply, the ESS acts as a load and gets itself charged whereas during the power deficit the ESS supplies power to maintain balance in demand and supply, and hence it mitigates the frequency fluctuation. The simulation model contains an ESS connected to a grid with a varying commercial or residential load profile. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of grid-connected ESS in minimizing frequency variation.

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Section: Casementioning

confidence: 90%

“…On the other hand, if the power generated from the system than the demand then system frequency decreases. So, in modern power systems, if the system frequency increases then the system output is reduced, so to maintain the frequency proper control strategy is required [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-connected advanced energy storage scheme for frequency regulation

Akhtar

Kirmani

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…Droop control is the most commonly used control strategy for BESSs to participate in frequency control of the power grid, and it is suitable for almost all types of battery energy storage. To improve the effect of frequency control and maintain the SOC of battery energy storage, some current representative studies have introduced an SOC equalization strategy in droop control, that is, battery SOC maintenance (Battery SOC Holder, BSH strategy) [2,29,33,44]. The output power of battery energy storage using the variable coefficient droop control method can be described as (34):…”

Section: B Comparative Methods In References 1) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the close interconnection of power grids, local load disturbances significantly impact the frequency of the entire power grid [1]. Owing to the fluctuating and uncertain properties of output power from new energy sources, their large-scale energy integration into the grid will significantly increase frequency regulation requirements [2,3]. To address these problems, the generator capacity reserve, including rotating reserve and cold reserve, is used to realize frequency control in traditional power systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Strategy for Battery Energy Storage Systems Participating in Primary Frequency Control Considering the Disturbance Type

Meng

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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In power systems, various types of disturbances can randomly affect the active power balance, which can result in unexpected frequency changes. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is an effective technique to assist power system primary frequency control. In this work, a comprehensive self-adaptive strategy considering load disturbance types is proposed that enables BESS participation in the primary frequency control of power grids. First, the different types of load disturbances in the power system are divided into two categories, namely, step disturbance and continuous small disturbance. Then, the advantages of virtual inertia control and virtual droop control are taken into full consideration. Model A and Model B are proposed to match the two load disturbance types. Model A is used to rapidly prevent sudden changes in frequency under step disturbance conditions without restricting the state of charge (SOC) of the BESS. Under the conditions of continuous small disturbances, we further propose Model B in which primary frequency control is realized while considering SOC recovery. Compared with the previous primary frequency control methods, the presented approach significantly improves the stability of complicated and changeable power systems. Meanwhile, it fulfills the frequency control requirements with superior frequency control performance.INDEX TERMS Adaptive control strategy, battery energy storage system (BESS), disturbance type, primary frequency control, state of charge (SOC).

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“…Intermittent energy sources penetration accounted for more than 20% in Ireland and Germany [39]. In 2016, wind power production constituted 42% of electricity consumption in Denmark [86]. In South Korea, intermittent energy sources are expected to reach 53% of the peak load by 2030 [77].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of intermittent renewable energy generation penetration on the power system networks – A review

Mlilo

Brown

Ahfock

2021

Technol Econ Smart Grids Sustain Energy

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Entrance of intermittent renewable power energy sources has brought in benefits mainly associated with emission reduction to help the climate change cause and reduce pollution. However, entrance of renewable generation sources, mainly wind and solar generation that are intermittent energy sources by nature has not come without its own challenges. Future power grids will see continued elevation of intermittent generation with instantaneous penetration levels that may potentially be as high as 100% for some periods. This paper reviews published works and highlights technical challenges that require further research to ensure that power grids that will be dominated by inverter-based generation or purely powered by inverter-based generation continue to operate reliably and remain stable for all operating scenarios. The paper outlines further research opportunities in areas of power sytem security assessment, voltage and frequency management, power system stability, resource forecasting techniques for unit commitment, behind the meter generators and loads integration to grid, frequency and voltage support, power system flexibility assessment methods, protection schemes enhancement, power quality mitigation techniques and modelling requirements to support real-time power system operation.

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Primary frequency regulation supported by battery storage systems in power system dominated by renewable energy sources

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Grid-connected advanced energy storage scheme for frequency regulation

Grid-connected advanced energy storage scheme for frequency regulation

A Control Strategy for Battery Energy Storage Systems Participating in Primary Frequency Control Considering the Disturbance Type

Impact of intermittent renewable energy generation penetration on the power system networks – A review

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