Primary free-radical stages in the low-temperature oxidation of polymers

Butyagin, P. Yu.; Колбанев, И. В.; Dubinskaya, A.M.; Kislyuk, M. U.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(68)90106-8

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several papers have been published on ESR studies of oxygen radicals formed during the irradiation of the following polymers: polyethylene 14,456,1137,1388,1473,1476,1589,1642,1648,1650,1936,2267,2272), polypropylene332, 456-458, 603, 623, 683, 684, 838,1034,1154,1158,1159,1330,1473, 1476,1481,1591,1639,1648,1650,1651,2243) polyisobutylene 1473), , polytetrafluoroethylene62, 888-891, 893,1025,1034,1137,1148,1152,1158,1160,1330, 1432,1478,1480,1520,1534, 1639,1686, 1840,2006,2152,2160,2216,2304,2306,2490) poly(methyl methacrylate) 293,375,395,1137,1473,1645), polystyrene293, 375,836,1941), poly( vinyl chloride) 1254,1390,1642,1648,1651,1788), poly(vinyl acetate) 293,375,1476,1483), poly(oxymethylene) 2091,2252,2266), poly( oxyethylene )1590), poly(2,6-dimethyl-l ,4-phenyleneoxide )2128, 2280), poly-3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxethane460, 2256,2276,2277), polyquinones202 3), polyamides 451 , 803,1476), and polyurethanes I593 ). Some problems i...…”

Section: Radiation-induced Oxidation Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR Spectroscopy in Polymer Research

Rånby¹,

Rabek²

1977

Polymers Properties and Applications

295

118

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Section: Radiation-induced Oxidation Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR Spectroscopy in Polymer Research

Rånby¹,

Rabek²

1977

Polymers Properties and Applications

295

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Dubinskaya, Butyagin, Odincova, Berlin, and Razgon21–23 examined and compared the reactivity of the primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, as well as phenols and mercaptans with macroradials that were created in frozen solutions of polystyrene, alpha‐poly‐methyl‐styrene and other polymers within the temperature range from −180 to 20°C using ESR spectroscopy. The established order of the amine reactivity decrease was as follows: secondary amines > primary amines > tertiary amines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of stabilizers on mechanochemical processes in SBR rubbers

Ristić¹,

Vrhovac²,

Plavšić³

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Mechanochemical processes in commercial and model SBR rubbers containing different stabilizers were investigated. The influence of chemical structure and concentration of stabilizers in the temperature range from 20 -170°C and in the presence of air, i.e., under conditions similar to that in industrial processes, were studied. Stabilizers used were diaryl-p-phenylene-diamine, alkyl-aryl-p-phenylene diamine, polynuclear phenol, aryl-alkyl phenol, and alkyl-alkyl phenol. It was found that mechanochemical processes in SBR rubbers are less developed in the temperature region from 70 -130°C, so the influence of stabilizer is less expressive. During increasing temperature (130 -170°C) structure and concentration of stabilizers both show a strong influence on type and intensity of mechanochemical processes in SBR rubbers: pphenylene-diamines favor processes of linear degradation, while phenol stabilizers direct them toward branching and crosslinking, which is more expressed in the presence of aryl-substituted phenols than alkyl-substituted phenols. This fact is based on the differences in stability of free stable radicals of p-phenylene-diamines, alkyl-substituted phenols and aryl-substituted phenols. The fact that phenol stabilizers are involved in chain degradation as well as in branching and crosslinking processes during rubber processing, can be of high practical importance.

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“…8,10,11,13 It has also been demonstrated by several researchers that PMMA had a nine-line ESR spectrum when it was radiated by g, X, and UV-irradiation. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Some researchers (1) Sample holder, (2) drilling, (3) dentist drilling tip, believe that the complete spectrum can be attrib- (4) dewar flask, (5) slap PMMA sample, (6) powder uted to a single radical, the propagating radical in PMMA, (7) liquid nitrogen. the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An electron spin resonance study of mechanical fracture of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Kaptan

Tatar

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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In this article, initially, we designed a simple drilling apparatus to obtain the mechanoradicals of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Using this apparatus, we prepared some PMMA samples at 77 K in vacuum. We observed some electron spin resonance (ESR) signal of these samples. It is found that the ESR spectrum of mechanically fractured PMMA strongly depends on the vacuum conditions. The spectrum observed from the mechanically fractured PMMA in 10 04 torr vacuum at 77 K coincides with the characteristic spectrum of the ''nine-line'' ESR spectrum of PMMA. Otherwise, because of the interaction between the polymer powders and air during the stage of preparing the sample, some of the mechanoradicals convert into the peroxy radicals. In this situation, spectrum is mainly nine-line and partially superposed with the spectrum of peroxy radicals. The peroxy line observed at low temperatures disappears rapidly from the mechanoradicals with increasing temperature. It vanishes completely at Ç 300 K and the spectrum turns into the nine-line spectrum of PMMA. Changes in the nine-line spectrum of mechanoradicals were investigated in the 100-350 K temperature interval. The line intensities were measured at each temperature. It was shown that the line intensities of both A and B do not change with time at constant temperature, and decrease with increasing temperature. The PMMA samples in vacuum were opened to air and the ESR spectrum was followed with time. It was observed that the nine-line spectrum converted into a line asymmetric spectrum in õ 1 min at room temperature.

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Primary free-radical stages in the low-temperature oxidation of polymers

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

ESR Spectroscopy in Polymer Research

ESR Spectroscopy in Polymer Research

The influence of stabilizers on mechanochemical processes in SBR rubbers

An electron spin resonance study of mechanical fracture of poly(methyl methacrylate)

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