“…Since then, it has gained popularity as a minimally invasive procedure for the removal of orbital tumours ( 26 ). Furthermore, the efforts in cadaveric anatomical studies have opened the way to the expand its indications: this approach became a valid alternative to expose anterior and middle cranial fossae through different transorbital corridors, for the removal of a variety of skull base lesions ( 27 , 28 ). Dallan et al reported the endoscopic eyelid approach as surgical option for the removal of an intraconal CVM of the orbital apex and for the management of 9 different superior-lateral intraorbital lesions ( 10 , 29 , 30 ).…”
Cavernous venous malformations (CVMs) are one of the most common benign primary orbital lesions in adults and the second most frequent cause of unilateral proptosis. Extraconal location is extremely rare, representing a favorable condition as compared to intraconal, as lesions at this level often adhere to orbital muscles and optic nerve. Herein, we report the case of a 50-year-old patient, who came to our attention because of progressive painless right axial proptosis. Magnetic resonance images were consistent with an extraconal CVM, occupying the superior temporal compartment of the orbit. Successful removal of the lesion was achieved through an endoscopic transorbital eyelid approach. The present case confirms the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic transorbital eyelid approach.
“…Since then, it has gained popularity as a minimally invasive procedure for the removal of orbital tumours ( 26 ). Furthermore, the efforts in cadaveric anatomical studies have opened the way to the expand its indications: this approach became a valid alternative to expose anterior and middle cranial fossae through different transorbital corridors, for the removal of a variety of skull base lesions ( 27 , 28 ). Dallan et al reported the endoscopic eyelid approach as surgical option for the removal of an intraconal CVM of the orbital apex and for the management of 9 different superior-lateral intraorbital lesions ( 10 , 29 , 30 ).…”
Cavernous venous malformations (CVMs) are one of the most common benign primary orbital lesions in adults and the second most frequent cause of unilateral proptosis. Extraconal location is extremely rare, representing a favorable condition as compared to intraconal, as lesions at this level often adhere to orbital muscles and optic nerve. Herein, we report the case of a 50-year-old patient, who came to our attention because of progressive painless right axial proptosis. Magnetic resonance images were consistent with an extraconal CVM, occupying the superior temporal compartment of the orbit. Successful removal of the lesion was achieved through an endoscopic transorbital eyelid approach. The present case confirms the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic transorbital eyelid approach.
“…These migratory NCCs, influenced by the developing eye, brain, and face, meet at the optic stalk to form the orbit. 13 , 14 The NCCs undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and differentiate into cranial bone, nerves, and connective tissues. Osteogenesis occurs during week 6, and ossification starts at week 8 and ends around week 14.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A case report by Vitulli and colleagues noted an ectopic craniopharyngioma at the superior posterolateral compartment of the orbit with thinning of the lateral wall but no evidence of intracranial extension. 13 Using an endoscopic transorbital approach, the CP was removed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 5 , 10 , 19–22 , 28 Other researchers have found associations between congenital proliferative syndromes, such as Gardner syndrome, and CP formation because there is an increased β-catenin and persistent activation of WNT signaling pathways as a result of defective APC. 13 , 29–31 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5,10,[19][20][21][22]28 Other researchers have found associations between congenital proliferative syndromes, such as Gardner syndrome, and CP formation because there is an increased b-catenin and persistent activation of WNT signaling pathways as a result of defective APC. 13,[29][30][31] Our review of the literature involving ectopic CPs, as described in Table 1, indicates that they are rare, with the cerebellopontine angle and nasopharynx as the first and second most common ectopic loci, respectively. 12,[32][33][34][35][36] When considering nasopharyngeal ectopic CPs, researchers currently hypothesize their development resulting from incomplete resorption of the Rathke's canal itself.…”
BACKGROUND
Craniopharyngiomas are uncommon malformations of the sellar or parasellar region that are partly cystic and calcified and have low histological grade. The typical age of presentation is bimodal, with peak incidence rates in children at age 5 to 14 years and in adults at age 50 to 74 years. The usual clinical manifestations are related to endocrine deficiencies due to mass effect along with visual impairment and increased intracranial pressure. If a tumor is favorably localized, the treatment of choice is complete resection.
OBSERVATIONS
The authors presented a unique case of a 61-year-old man with a suspicious cystic lesion in the right orbital roof that was causing right-sided headaches with pressure and pain in the right eye. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used for further evaluation and showed a suspicious lytic bone lesion that had an epicenter within the orbital rim, which was highly suggestive of a tumor of interosseous origin. After removal, the tumor was identified by pathology as a craniopharyngioma.
LESSONS
The importance of this case report is in documenting a unique case of an ectopic craniopharyngioma in the orbit, adding to current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of ectopic craniopharyngiomas, and presenting an extensive review of literature.
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