Primary combined squamous and small cell carcinoma of the larynx: report of two cases and discussion of treatment modalities

Barbeaux, Annelore; Duck, Lionel; Weynand, Birgit; Desuter, Gauthier; Hamoir, Marc; Grégoire, Vincent; Baurain, Jean‐François; Machiels, Jean‐Pascal

doi:10.1007/s00405-006-0060-8

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Mixed small cell undifferentiated squamous cell carcinomas in the thymus were first described by Snover et al 6 and more recently by Mukai et al 10 However, tumors with similar morphology have been described in a number of other sites including lung, upper respiratory tract and urinary bladder. 13,14 The older articles focus on whether the undifferentiated component and squamous component had different origins (endodermal versus neuroectoderm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transition between the two components was relatively abrupt with the two components being separated by one to three cells of intermediate morphology (Figure 1). The pathological findings, including the number of hematoxylin and eosinstained slides available for each reviewed case (range, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], are summarized in Table 2. Intratumoral necrosis was observed in four cases, although in additional two cases, areas of necrosis were described on gross examination.…”

Section: Pathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NUT midline carcinomas in the thymic region

et al. 2014

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NUT midline carcinomas (NMCs) are rare tumors described predominantly in the pediatric age group. We recently reported two cases of these tumors occurring in the thymic region. In order to establish the true incidence of these tumors, we examined a large series of thymic carcinomas for morphological features of NUT tumor and further assessed the expression of NUTM1 (also known as NUT) protein by immunohistochemistry. The histological review of slides from 110 cases of thymic carcinoma was undertaken to identify carcinomas with mixed undifferentiated and squamous features that are typically associated with NUT carcinomas. The presenting symptoms, morphological spectrum of tumors and outcome data of patients with these histologies are presented. Immunohistochemistry for NUTM1 was performed on 35 cases of thymic carcinoma with available blocks (3 with these histological features and 32 without these features) to exclude the possibility of midline carcinoma. Tumors from 10 patients had features of mixed small cell undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma (M:F, 1.5:1; age range, 22-79). These patients predominantly presented with advanced disease and had respiratory-related symptoms or chest pain; four had paraneoplastic syndromes. The squamous component in all cases was well differentiated with little or no atypia. The undifferentiated component varied in cell size and lacked characteristic features of small cell carcinoma. All but one patients developed metastases or died within 3 years of diagnosis. NUTM1 expression was seen in two of three tumors with these histological features and in none of the 32 cases without. Mixed small cell undifferentiated carcinomas share histological and immunohistochemical similarity with NMCs and have aggressive clinical course. These tumors are not uncommon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of carcinomas in the thymic region as novel therapies might be available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

NUT midline carcinomas in the thymic region

et al. 2014

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“…Surgical treatment, such as total laryngectomy, is one of the treatment strategies. However, the standard treatment for SmCC is chemotherapy and radiotherapy because of its extremely poor prognosis [2–4]. The prognosis of SmCC is not related to tumor size [6], and the operation or postoperative irradiation cannot improve the prognosis [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, clinical experiences are very limited. The standard treatment for laryngeal and laryngeal composite SmCC is chemotherapy and radiotherapy [2–4]. However, it is difficult to diagnose laryngeal composite SmCC before an operation [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Postoperative Treatment for Composite Laryngeal Small Cell Carcinoma

Ebisumoto

Sakai

Okami

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Otolaryngology

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Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) most commonly occurs in the lung and rarely arises from the head and neck region. Further, composite SmCC is extremely rare. Therefore, no postoperative treatment strategy has been established. We report a 59-year-old male patient referred to our outpatient clinic for further examination and treatment of a laryngeal tumor. Biopsy from the tumor revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The preoperative diagnosis was supraglottic SCC (T3N2bM0), and total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection were performed. Pathological examination revealed 2 individual cancer components: SmCC and SCC. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy (2 courses of cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP-16)) was indicated. Following the postoperative chemoradiotherapy, 2 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy were administered. The patient is currently alive with no evidence of disease at 36 months following the completion of therapy. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are optimal treatment strategies for laryngeal composite SmCC.

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“…To be clear, this group-to be discussed herecomprises the epithelial-derived neuroendocrine tumors, and so excludes the neurally derived tumors (such as paraganglioma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor). As such, this group of epithelial neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx encompasses four discrete pathologically deWned entities: carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (as well, combined tumors-such as atypical carcinoid tumors, small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas-may be encountered, but are not further discussed here in light of their extreme rarity) [1][2][3][4].…”

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confidence: 99%