Primary Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer/Questioning (LGBTQ) Patients

A Review of the State of HIV Nursing Science With Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity/Expression Peoples

“…Early recognition of signs and symptoms of comorbid conditions, such as hepatitis C, substance use disorder, or mental illness, must also be considered in the provision of person-centered care ( Aisner et al, 2020 ). A nurse who may not possess full knowledge of SOGI behaviors and relationships, and who is honest about their lack of knowledge and respectful, can still build trust between the person, partner, and provider while obtaining the sexual health history ( Aisner et al, 2020 ). Nurses' heteronormative perspectives or assumptions toward SOGI People and their relationships or behaviors can be harmful and must be avoided ( Dibble et al, 2007 ).…”

“…It is critical that nurses gain knowledge about the different experiences of gay and other MSM and recognize that not all gay and other MSM participate in behaviors that put them at risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV ( Blackwell, 2015 ; O'Byrne, 2018 ). Nurse education and training needs to address issues of homophobia, including attitudinal change, as a prerequisite to equity in care provision ( Aisner et al, 2020 ; Burton et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Antiretroviral medications have demonstrated efficacy as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP; Aisner et al, 2020 ; Blackwell, 2015 ; Nelson et al, 2019 ; Remy & Enriquez, 2019 ). Nurse practitioners and nurses with advanced training or under medical protocols can manage PEP and PrEP programs that increase access to these HIV prevention strategies ( Aisner et al, 2020 ; Nelson et al, 2019 ; O'Byrne, Orser, et al, 2019 ; Remy & Enriquez, 2019 ). The HIV Incidence Risk Index for MSM is a tool nurses and nurse practitioners can use to screen for PrEP indications before prescribing ( Aisner et al, 2020 ).…”

Gender and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Beyond the Binary

“…Many health care providers feel inadequately prepared to provide routine care to TGNC people. 4 Recent medical and health care literature has featured more information aimed at primary care clinicians who care for TGNC patients. [4][5][6] This trend is encouraging, but significant gaps in understanding remain, especially around transgender-specific aspects of common health problems such as cardiovascular disease.…”

“…4 Recent medical and health care literature has featured more information aimed at primary care clinicians who care for TGNC patients. [4][5][6] This trend is encouraging, but significant gaps in understanding remain, especially around transgender-specific aspects of common health problems such as cardiovascular disease. This review presents current evidence on epidemiology and mechanisms of elevated cardiovascular disease risk in TGNC people, describes best practices for risk assessment and management, and makes recommendations for future research priorities.…”