Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: A review of 328 cases

Udupa, K. N.; Gupta, Saroj

doi:10.1002/jso.2930140106

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Piehler et al (1978) [12] reported male to female ratio of 1:3.2. Researchers in another studies reported that the incidence of GBC in females is two to three times higher than that in males [19][20][21][22][23]. Similar ratio was observed in the present study, the incidence of multiparous females in GBC group was significantly higher than that of control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

An objective assessment of demography of gallbladder cancer

Kumar

Tewari

Rai

et al. 2006

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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GBC predominantly a disease of females belonged to fourth and fifth decade of life. Among 328 cases of GBC only 75 were male and 253 female (M:F = 1:3.37). Majority of GBC patients were above 40 years and multiparous females. Family history of GBC was higher in GBC patients. Majority of GBC patients were of low socioeconomic status and hailed from rural background. This group tends to consume open mustard oil and water from hand pump. This study emphasizes the usefulness of demographic evaluation in diagnosis of GBC and a systematic approach to assessment of demographic features of GBC is recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

An objective assessment of demography of gallbladder cancer

Kumar

Tewari

Rai

et al. 2006

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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“…A large proportion of patients with these tumours, therefore, present at an advanced state. These tumours carry a very poor prognosis (5-year survival rate <12%) [4,5]. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, but resection is possible in only 10-30% of patients [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is particularly common in some of the developing countries [2,3] and has a very poor prognosis (5-year survival rate <12%) [4,5]. The anatomical location of the tumour and the late stage at which these tumours present contribute to the poor prognosis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dual-phase helical CT in assessing resectability of carcinoma of the gallbladder

et al. 2002

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Our objective was to assess the ability of dual-phase helical CT (DHCT) to predict resectability of carcinoma of gallbladder (CaGB). Thirty-two consecutive patients suspected of having CaGB on clinical examination and sonography presented to our centre over 10-month period. All these 32 patients underwent DHCT. Fifteen patients were considered inoperable and 2 had xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. The remaining 15 patients (10 women, 5 men; age range 33-72 years) underwent surgery and had histopathological confirmation of CaGB and were included in the study based on the following criteria: presence of mass in gallbladder fossa on sonography and DHCT, and confirmation at surgery and histopathological examination. Axial reconstructions of 2 mm were obtained (collimation 3 mm, table speed 4.5 mm/s) for arterial (scan delay 20 s) and venous (scan delay 60 s) phases on a helical scanner. The criteria used for unresectability were: distant metastasis (liver, peritoneum, lymph nodes), extensive local contiguous organ spread, involvement of secondary biliary confluence of both lobes of liver, tumoral invasion of main portal vein, or proper hepatic artery or simultaneous invasion of one side hepatic artery and the other side portal vein. The CT findings related to unresectability were correlated with surgical findings. On the basis of CT findings, 10 patients were unresectable and 5 were resectable. Of the 10 patients considered unresectable, 9 had tumours that were unresectable at surgery (sensitivity 100%, positive predictive value 90%). Five patients had more than one reason and 4 had one reason alone for being unresectable (lymph nodes, n=2; hepatic metastasis, n=1; and vascular invasion, n=1). All 5 patients considered resectable based on CT findings had resectable tumours at surgery (negative predictive value 100%). The overall accuracy of CT was 93.3%. Dual-phase helical CT comprehensively evaluates CaGB and may be a useful tool in preoperative staging of this tumour in determining resectability.

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“…GBC is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in women and the most common cause of malignant surgical obstructive jaundice in northern India . Several northern Indian centers had reported many experiences with GBC in the 1970s and 1980s . The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi group has highlighted the dismal prognosis in patients with GBC ,.…”

Section: Gallbladder Cancer — An “Indian Disease”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced gallbladder cancer: Indian “middle path”

Kapoor

2007

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg

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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is common in northern India. The western world has a pessimistic attitude towards GBC resulting in inadequate management of even early GBC. At the other extreme is the Japanese aggressivism with high mortality but very few actual long-term survivors. The Indian surgeons have adopted a Buddhist "middle path"--aggressive surgical approach for "less advanced" GBC and non-surgical palliative approach for "more advanced" GBC. We rely heavily on staging laparoscopy to detect metastatic deposits on liver, peritoneum and omentum, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) to detect duodenal infiltration which indicates unresectability as we do not perform pancreatico-duodenectomy for GBC. Our favoured procedure is extended cholecystectomy (EC) which includes a 2 cm nonanatomical wedge of liver in the GB bed and the lymph nodes in hepatoduodenal ligament, behind the duodenum and head of pancreas and along the hepatic artery to the right of celiac axis. EC can achieve R0 resection in patients with T1-T2 and T3 (fundus/body--hepatic bed type) disease. For T3 (neck--hepatic hilum type) and T4 disease major hepatic resection is required. In selected patients with nodally advanced GBC, a non-curative simple cholecystectomy with post-operative chemoradiotherapy may improve survival. GBC is an "Indian disease" and Indian surgeons have to be prepared to accept the "challenge" of GBC.

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Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: A review of 328 cases

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

An objective assessment of demography of gallbladder cancer

An objective assessment of demography of gallbladder cancer

The role of dual-phase helical CT in assessing resectability of carcinoma of the gallbladder

Advanced gallbladder cancer: Indian “middle path”

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