A 65-year-old male of Italian descent presented with a 1-week history of hoarseness, dysphagia, left otalgia, and decreased hearing. He complained of right frontooccipital headaches of 1 month's duration. He had been well until 4 months prior when he had an abscessed left maxillary molar extracted with a subsequent maxillary sinus infection. He had taken multiple courses of antibiotics and was currently on cephalexin. He reported a 20-lb weight loss over this time, which he associated with reduced ability to eat because of oral pain. His past medical history included vocal cord polypectomy 12 years prior to admission, from which he recovered well, a 20-packa-year smoking habit that he had ended 6 months previously, and daily moderate alcohol intake.On examination he was edentulous, with a fibrous epulis and a lichenoid white lesion on the right buccal mucosa. On the right side he had an absent gag reflex, paralysis of the right vocal cord in a paramedian position with the left cord compensating, sternomastoid muscle wasting, and weaker shoulder shrugging. There was an old perforation in the right tympanic membrane which was retracted, and the right cervical lymph nodes were palpable.Audiometry revealed a sensorineural hearing loss on the right side.Skull radiographs, computed tomography of the head, skeletal survey, cerebral angiograms, and chest radiographs were within normal limits. Gallium bone scan showed increased uptake in the right petrous bone. Repeated lumbar punctures did not reveal organisms.He was admitted to hospital and started on oral dexamethasone. His blood sugar became erratic and was controlled with insulin. He had an episode of aspiration pneumonia treated with penicillin and tobramycin. With worsening clinical status computed tomography of the head was repeated, revealing bony erosion near the right jugular foramen (Fig. 1). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a pancake-shaped lesion close to the right jugular foramen thought to be representative of thickened meninges (Fig. 2).One month after admission he underwent a posterior fossa craniotomy and dural biopsy. Histology revealed fungal hyphae, necrosis, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (Fig. 3). Cultures grew Aspergillus.
159Skull