Infective endocarditis is most often seen affecting the left side of the heart, with the pulmonary valve being the least frequently involved valve. The most common organisms responsible for infective endocarditis are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans. Here we report a rare case of pulmonary valve endocarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, a rare pathogen for this setting. The clinical features, presentation, and review of the literature are discussed.
Case Report Open AccessEnteroviruses have been implicated in recent outbreaks around the country, with symptoms ranging from gastrointestinal-like illness to respiratory infections. These viruses are well known causes of a much wider variety of clinical presentations and, due to the ease with which they spread from patient to patient, are a commonly reported cause of outbreaks. We report a case series of enteroviral infections of the central nervous system that involves three adults and two children, all of whom live in the same home.Enteroviruses are responsible for causing several recent well-publicized outbreaks in the United States, including gastrointestinal and upper respiratory infections. Enteroviruses are also capable of infecting the central nervous system, leading to manifestations of meningitis and encephalitis. Because enteroviruses are often overlooked as the etiology of CNS infections, we explore data from national surveillance, typical presentation and diagnostic information, as well as patterns of infection and transmission in an effort to remind practitioners to be mindful of this frequent cause of infection and its propensity to be spread from person to person. We present a case series that includes two confirmed cases of enteroviral meningoencephalitis, a presumed index case, and two cases involving children.
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