Primary and secondary aerosols in small passenger vehicle emissions: Evaluation of engine technology, driving conditions, and regulatory standards

Park, Gyutae; Kim, Kyunghoon; Park, Taehyun; Kang, Seok‐Won; Ban, Jihee; Choi, Siyoung Q.; Yu, Dong-Gil; Lee, Sang-Uk; Lim, Yunsung; Kim, Sunmoon; Mun, Sunhee; Woo, Jung‐Hun; Jeon, Chan-Soo; Lee, Taehyoung

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117195

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These species accounted for ~93% of the total speciated ion mass at Inha during the polluted period (Table 3) and are strongly correlated with one another (0.93 ≤ r ≤ 1.00). Heterogeneous production of inorganic species such as SO4 2in cloudy and humid conditions is common for the study region (Jeon et al, 2021;Jordan et al, 2020;Park et al, 2020b). Furthermore, significant secondary production of SO4 2above 1 um at high RH has been noted in Beijing (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Role Of Humiditymentioning

confidence: 93%

Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

Schlosser

Stahl

Sorooshian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. This study reports measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition at a site in Incheon along with other aerosol characteristics for contrast between Incheon (coastal) and Seoul (inland), South Korea, during a transboundary pollution event during the early part of an intensive sampling period between 4 and 11 March 2019. Anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over the study region between 4 and 6 March, with much smaller contributions from dust, smoke, and sea salt. Seoul exhibits higher PM2.5 levels than Incheon due likely to local emissions and a meteorological set up (shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature) promoting local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic species, including atypically high nitrate (NO3-) relative to sulfate (SO42-). The following findings point to secondary aerosol formation and growth sensitivity to water vapor during this pollution event: (i) significant concentrations of individual inorganic and organic acids in the supermicrometer range relative to their full size range (~40 %) at higher humidity; (ii) high correlation between oxalate and SO42-; (iii) increased sulfur and nitrogen oxidation ratios as a function of humidity; and (iv) matching composition apportionment (for soluble ions) between the PM1 and PM2.5-1 size fractions. The last finding confirms that PM1 aerosol composition measurements fully capture PM2.5 composition apportionment (for soluble ions) during haze events and, therefore, may be reliably applied in modeling studies of such events over the full PM2.5 size range. The study period was marked by relatively low temperatures that made NO3- the most abundant species detected, pointing to the sensitivity of PM2.5 levels and composition as a function of season during such transboundary events. For instance, other such events in previous studies exhibited more comparable levels between SO42- and NO3- coincident with higher temperatures than the current study. This dataset can contribute to future evaluation of model PM2.5 composition to better support regulatory efforts to control PM2.5 precursors.

show abstract

Section: Role Of Humiditymentioning

confidence: 93%

Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

Schlosser

Stahl

Sorooshian

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(d-f) SOA productions, (g-i) SOA-to-THC ratios, and (j-l) SOA-to-CO ratios measured from vehicle exhaust with China Ⅳ, China Ⅴ, and China Ⅵ emission standards under different driving conditions. The speed (km h -1 ) is divided into [0, 10), [10,20), [20,30), [30,40), [40,50), [60,70)…”

Section: Soa Production In Different Speed and Acceleration Binsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports revealed that the continuous tightening of emission standards facilitates the reduction of organic gas emissions from gasoline vehicles and the changing of chemical composition, potentially producing different extents/rates of SOA production. 30,10,31 Nonetheless, the reports on the SOA level for different standard vehicles are insufficient, especially for the latest standard, e.g., China VI, limiting assessing the emission reduction of vehicle fleet effects on atmosphere improvement through the updates of vehicle emission standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid oxidation of gasoline exhausts reveals marked impacts of transient conditions on potential of secondary organic aerosol production

Peng

Zhang

Song

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vehicle emission is a major source of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Driving condition is a critical influencing factor for vehicular SOA production, but few studies have revealed SOA production dependence on the rapidly-changing real-world driving conditions. Here, a fast-response oxidation flow reactor system is developed and deployed to quantify the SOA formation potential under transient driving conditions. Results show that the SOA potential varies by orders of magnitude, e.g., 20-1500 mg kg-fuel-1 and 12–155 mg kg-fuel-1 for China V and China VI vehicles, respectively. High speed, acceleration, and deceleration are found to considerably promote SOA production due to higher organic gaseous emissions caused by unburned fuel emission or incomplete combustion. In addition, China VI vehicles significantly reduce SOA potential, yield, and acceleration and deceleration peaks. Our study provides experimental insight into vehicular SOA formation under transient driving conditions, which would benefit high-time-resolved SOA simulations in the urban atmosphere.

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“…Peterson et al, 2019;Eck et al, 2020;Cha et al, 2019) that impact both coastal and inland parts of the peninsula. These events include dust (Heim et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2012), industrial and agricultural burning emissions (Lamb et al, 2018), sea salt , and wildfire plumes from Siberia (Lamb et al, 2018) that are superimposed on the local pollution sources that include biogenic emissions, urban and vehicular emissions, shipping emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning (Park et al, 2021;Lamb et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This study reports measurements of size-resolved aerosol composition at a site in Incheon along with other aerosol characteristics for contrast between Incheon (coastal) and Seoul (inland), South Korea, during a transboundary pollution event during the early part of an intensive sampling period between 4 and 11 March 2019. Anthropogenic emissions were dominant in the boundary layer over the study region between 4 and 6 March, with much smaller contributions from dust, smoke, and sea salt. The meteorology of this period (shallow boundary layer, enhanced humidity, and low temperature) promoted local heterogeneous formation of secondary inorganic and organic species, including high nitrate (NO3-) relative to sulfate (SO42-). Seoul exhibited higher PM2.5 levels than Incheon, likely due to local emissions. The following findings point to secondary aerosol formation and growth sensitivity to water vapor during this pollution event: (i) significant concentrations of individual inorganic and organic acids in the supermicrometer range relative to their full size range (∼40 %) at higher humidity; (ii) high correlation (r=0.95) between oxalate and SO42-, a marker of secondary aqueous production of oxalate; (iii) increased sulfur and nitrogen oxidation ratios as a function of humidity; and (iv) matching composition apportionment (for soluble ions) between the PM1 and PM2.5−1 size fractions. The last finding confirms that PM1 aerosol composition measurements fully capture PM2.5 composition apportionment (for soluble ions) during haze events and may therefore be reliably applied in modeling studies of such events over the full PM2.5 size range. However, the differences evident in the periods following the haze event imply that under other atmospheric conditions PM1 composition measurements will not fully reflect the apportionment of PM2.5 aerosols. The study period was marked by relatively low temperatures that made NO3- the most abundant species detected, pointing to the sensitivity of PM2.5 levels and composition as a function of season during such transboundary events. For instance, other such events in previous studies exhibited more comparable levels between SO42- and NO3- coincident with higher temperatures than the current study. This dataset can contribute to future evaluation of model PM2.5 composition to better support regulatory efforts to control PM2.5 precursors.

show abstract

Primary and secondary aerosols in small passenger vehicle emissions: Evaluation of engine technology, driving conditions, and regulatory standards

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

Rapid oxidation of gasoline exhausts reveals marked impacts of transient conditions on potential of secondary organic aerosol production

Evidence of haze-driven secondary production of supermicrometer aerosol nitrate and sulfate in size distribution data in South Korea

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