Prices, Inflation, and Smoking Onset: The Case of Argentina

Guindon, G. Emmanuel; Paraje, Guillermo; Chávez, Ricardo Salazar

doi:10.1111/ecin.12490

Cited by 18 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…This allowed us to obtain a pseudo-longitudinal dataset. The dataset was created with the assumption that individuals were exposed to the risk of initiation, starting from the age of eight, which is in line with a similar, previous study from Argentina [26]. In each period, the at-risk students received a value of 0 if they did not initiate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survival model (continuous-time hazard model) in the complementary log-log (cloglog) functional form was used to estimate the effect of cigarette prices on tobacco use initiation. Cloglog has an asymmetric response curve and, therefore, was more appropriate to analyze our samples with a larger asymmetry toward nonsmokers than the standard probit and logit models [26]. Individuals who were already smokers before the study period were left-censored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Prices on Youth Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Initiation in Ghana and Nigeria

Asare

Stokłosa

Drope

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Population growth in the African region is set to outpace the rate of decline in smoking prevalence, leading to a projected increase in the total number of smokers. As most tobacco users initiate during their adolescent years, tobacco prevention strategies targeting youth will be particularly important. Methods: This study estimated the impact of cigarette prices on youth cigarette smoking and tobacco use initiation in Ghana and Nigeria using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. First, we used cross-section data and logit models to estimate the effects of prices on youth cigarette smoking. Second, we created pseudo longitudinal data and used continuous-time hazard models to evaluate the impact of cigarette prices on tobacco use initiation. Results: We found that higher cigarette prices decreased both 30-day cigarette smoking and tobacco use onset significantly in both Ghana and Nigeria. Additionally, the price elasticity of cigarette smoking and tobacco use initiation ranged from −0.44 to −1.13, and −1.04 to −3.66, respectively. Conclusions: As one of the first studies on youth tobacco consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study strongly suggests that policies that increase real cigarette prices can lower both cigarette smoking and tobacco use initiation among youth in Ghana and Nigeria.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Prices on Youth Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Initiation in Ghana and Nigeria

Asare

Stokłosa

Drope

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…He found evidence of a relatively large and significant effect of prices on the age individuals take on the habit. In the case of Latin American countries, [12] is the only study so far to have undertaken an analysis of the impact that tobacco prices can have on smoking onset. They used data from Argentina and the methods they employed include discrete-time hazard models, a complementary log–log specification and a discrete-time split-population model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Raising Tobacco Prices Affects the Decision to Start and Quit Smoking: Evidence from Argentina

González‐Rozada

Montamat

2019

IJERPH

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We used a two-part model for the estimation of the price elasticity of participation and consumption of cigarettes by the duration of the smoking habit and a continuous-time split-population model for the estimation of prevalence and duration of smoking onset and smoking addiction, allowing for covariates in the participation component of the model. Results: We computed the total price elasticity of consumption of cigarettes by quartiles of addiction and found that for the people located in the lowest quartile of addiction the total price elasticity is around −0.51; while for those located in the highest quartile of addiction this figure is only −0.19. Then, a 10% increase in cigarette prices, via taxes, reduces the consumption of those in the early stages of the addiction by 5% and for those with a longer history of addiction by only 1.9%. Estimating the continuous-time split-population model we found that, at the mean starting age of 15 years, an increase of 10% in real cigarette prices is expected to delay smoking onset by almost two and a half years. On the other hand, the same policy is less effective to reduce the duration of the habit because there is no meaningful relationship between the duration of the smoking habit and the real price of cigarettes.The policy of raising cigarette excise taxes, to increment prices, seems to be more effective to delay smoking onset. On the other hand, the same policy is less effective to reduce the duration of the habit. A policy recommendation that emerges from this evidence is that for people with a developed addiction a combination of increasing taxes and other public health policies, like cessation therapies, could prove more effective.

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“…By raising excise tax rates and/or imposing new ones, prices of tobacco products (all else being equal) would rise [5]. This makes smoking cost-prohibitive; deters potential smokers; and encourages cessation as well as engender a cutback in the quantum consumed by current smokers [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether the strategy of using tax and price measures to curb smoking yields the desired results, is an empirical question that has received considerable attention in the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among these studies, only Ho et al [11] conducted a cross-country analysis for Africa, and found cigarette prices to decrease cigarette consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on the prevalence of smoking in Africa

Immurana

Boachie

Iddrisu

2021

glob health res policy

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Background Tobacco use continues to kill millions of people globally, making it one of the major causes of preventable deaths. Notwithstanding, there has been a very marginal fall in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Africa. Since taxes (hence prices) are part of the main measures suggested to decrease the demand for tobacco products, this study investigates how tobacco taxation and pricing influence the prevalence of smoking in 24 African countries. Methods Using panel data on 24 African countries sourced from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank databases for the period 2010 to 2016, this study employs the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to investigate the effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on the prevalence of smoking. The system GMM estimator is used due its ability to deal with potential endogeneity of tobacco taxation and pricing: the likelihood that the prevalence of smoking can influence tobacco taxation and pricing which may lead to biased estimates. Results Tobacco taxation and pricing have negative significant effects on the prevalence of smoking among the selected countries after controlling for growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, urbanization, death rate and net inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Specifically, a percentage increase in tobacco price is found to decrease the prevalence of smoking by between 0.11 to 0.14%, while a percentage increase in tobacco tax decreases the prevalence of smoking by between 0.25 to 0.36%, all at 1% level of significance. Conclusion Since tobacco taxation and pricing are found to have negative significant effects on the prevalence of smoking, the implication is that, their use can be intensified by African policy makers towards achieving the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) recommended targets and hence decrease the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Africa. Doing so may therefore help in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.5 (prevention and treatment of substance abuse), thereby reducing the colossal number of smoking attributable deaths.

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Prices, Inflation, and Smoking Onset: The Case of Argentina

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Prices on Youth Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Initiation in Ghana and Nigeria

Effects of Prices on Youth Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Initiation in Ghana and Nigeria

How Raising Tobacco Prices Affects the Decision to Start and Quit Smoking: Evidence from Argentina

The effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on the prevalence of smoking in Africa

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