Prices, availability and affordability of essential medicines in rural areas of Hubei Province, China

Yang, Hao; Dib, Hassan; Zhu, Manlu; Gang, Qi; Zhang, Xiaopeng

doi:10.1093/heapol/czp056

Cited by 74 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…In a study conducted by Wang in 2006 [46], it was noted that the purchase patterns and prices of medicines procured by hospitals in China may differ by hospital size, a factor that may translate into differences in prices charged to patients. A study of Hubei province, China, using similar methods found consistent results in terms of a high price differential between originator brands and generics; however, it was also noted that brands were not widely available in this rural province where patients cannot afford them [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved?

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved?

et al. 2012

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“…Also, another study which was done in six low and middle income countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, Malawi, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) demonstrated a considerably lower total availability of medicines in public sectors in all countries when compared to private sectors [7]. On the other hand, a study conducted in rural areas of China showed low availability of LPGs in the public and private sectors (39% and 44%, respectively) [24]. Overall, Jordan healthcare system is doing a fairly good job in making drugs available to patients in both public and private sectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, a study was conducted in China showed that the procurement prices of OBs were higher than the procurement prices of LPGs [24]. Thus, procuring generic medicines help in making efficient and cost-saving procurement process [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability, prices and affordability of selected essential medicines in Jordan: a national survey

Alefan

Amairi

Tawalbeh

2018

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundFree access to essential medicines is a fundamental right. Governments should provide accessible and affordable medicines to people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medicines’ prices, availability and affordability in Jordan.MethodData was collected from 30 public sectors and 30 private sectors in 6 regions in Jordan. At each institution, the availability and prices data of 50 originator brand (OB) medicines and lowest-price generic (LPG) equivalent medicines were collected. Medicines’ prices were compared with international reference prices (IRPs) to obtain a median price ratio (MPR). Availability of medicines was determined on the day of data collection. Affordability was calculated with regards to the daily income of the lowest-paid unskilled government employee.ResultAvailability of medicines in public and private sectors was 72% and 76% for LPGs, respectively. Median MPRs of procurement prices for OBs and LPGs in the public sector were 1.1 and 5.5 times the IRPs, respectively. Private sector OB medicines were priced 4.8 times higher than IRPs, whereas LPGs were 3.8 times higher. OBs cost 14% more than LPGs in private sector. The median MPRs of patient prices for LPGs in the public sector were lower than in the private sector (1.1 versus 7.6). Generally, medicines’ prices are affordable in public sector that the lowest paid unskilled government employee need less than a 1 day income to purchase the LPGs. While in private sector, the medicine prices are not affordable. For example, the treatment of hypertension either by LPGs or OBs needs more than 1 day income by lowest paid unskilled government employee.ConclusionThis study showed good availability of LPGs in the public sector. In private sector, it showed good availability of LPGs and OBs with higher patient prices. The procurement prices in the public sector were reasonable in comparison to IRPs. Policy evaluation efforts must be directed to cut medicines prices and to improve affordability in private sector.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3593-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…At the global level, barriers include gender inequality, infringement of human rights, politicization of sexual and reproductive health, and nancial constraints. 17,[35][36][37] However, the presence of a medication on an EML may assist those who advocate for the availability of appropriate medications and high-quality care. 9…”

Section: Geographica and Income Distribution Of Identi Ed Emls In 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapy for Preeclampsia in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Analysis of Essential Medicines Lists

Lalani

Firoz

Magee

et al. 2013

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of drugs for comprehensive management of preeclampsia in national essential medicine lists (EMLs) in low and middle income countries (LMICs) Methods:We collected EMLs from the 144 LMICs identi ed by the World Bank through broad-based Internet searches and in collaboration with the World Health Organization We identi ed therapies for hypertension, eclampsia, preeclampsia complications (eg, pulmonary edema, thrombosis), preterm birth, and labour induction contained in the EMLs Resuts:In 91 EMLs obtained from 144 LMICs, the most commonly listed parenteral antihypertensive therapies were verapamil (637%), hydralazine (615%), sodium nitroprusside (483%), and propranolol (396%) The most prevalent oral antihypertensive therapies were nifedipine (956%), methyldopa (934%), propranolol (901%), and atenolol (879%) For eclampsia/ preeclampsia, magnesium sulphate was present in 846% of EMLs and calcium gluconate in 857% For pulmonary edema, most EMLs (945%) listed oral furosemide, for thrombosis 923% listed heparin, for acceleration of fetal pulmonary maturity 901% listed parenteral dexamethasone, and for labour induction 978% listed oxytocin or a prostanoid (usually misoprostol, 407%) Concusion: EMLs of LMICs provide comprehensive coverage of preeclampsia pharmacotherapy These EMLs may be used as advocacy tools to ensure the availability of these therapies within each country RésuméObjectif : Déterminer la prévalence des médicaments permettant la prise en charge exhaustive de la prééclampsie au sein des listes de médicaments essentiels (LME) nationales des pays ne disposant que d'un revenu faible ou moyen (PRFM)Méthodes : Nous avons regroupé les LME des 144 PRFM identi és par la Banque mondiale par l'intermédiaire de recherches généralisées sur Internet et en collaboration avec l'Organisation mondiale de la santé Nous avons identi é, au sein des LME, les traitements visant l'hypertension, l'éclampsie, les complications de la prééclampsie (p ex oedème pulmonaire, thrombose), l'accouchement préterme et le déclenchement du travailRésutats : Au sein des 91 LME obtenues auprès de 144 PRFM, les traitements antihypertenseurs parentéraux apparaissant le plus couramment ont été les suivants : vérapamil (63,7 %), hydralazine (61,5 %), nitroprussiate de sodium (48,3 %) et propranolol (39,6 %) Les traitements antihypertenseurs oraux les plus prévalents ont été les suivants : nifédipine (95,6 %), méthyldopa 216 l MARCH JOGC MARS 2013 OBSTETRICS (93,4 %), propranolol (90,1 %) et aténolol (87,9 %) Pour ce qui est de l'éclampsie / la prééclampsie, le sulfate de magnésium gurait dans 84,6 % des LME et le gluconate de calcium, dans 85,7 % de celles-ci Pour ce qui est de l'oedème pulmonaire, le furosémide oral gurait dans la plupart des LME (94,5 %); pour ce qui est de la thrombose, l'héparine gurait dans 92,3 % des LME; pour ce qui est de l'accélération de la maturité pulmonaire foetale, la dexaméthasone parentérale gurait dans 90,1 % des LME; et pour ce qui es...

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Prices, availability and affordability of essential medicines in rural areas of Hubei Province, China

Cited by 74 publications

References 3 publications

Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved?

Switching from Originator Brand Medicines to Generic Equivalents in Selected Developing Countries: How Much Could Be Saved?

Availability, prices and affordability of selected essential medicines in Jordan: a national survey

Pharmacotherapy for Preeclampsia in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Analysis of Essential Medicines Lists

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