Availability, prices and affordability of selected essential medicines in Jordan: a national survey

Alefan, Qais; Amairi, Rawan; Tawalbeh, Shoroq

doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3593-9

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Most previous studies of this type have been in developing countries. Comparatively, the availability of LPGs in our study was similar to the results in Pakistan (Saeed et al, 2019) and Philippines (Lambojon et al, 2020) but lower than those in Bangladesh (Kasonde et al, 2019), Malawi (Khuluza and Haefele-Abah, 2019), Jordan (Alefan et al, 2018), and Rwanda (Bizimana et al, 2020), where the availability of LPGs was fairly high; however, the availability of OBs in those countries was similar. Comparing with the price in other developing countries, LPGs in our study had November 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 602421 similar or a little higher price, while OBs had a much higher price.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Evaluating Price and Availability of Essential Medicines in China: A Mixed Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Yang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Objectives: To evaluate the price and availability of medicines in China.Methods: A standard methodology developed by WHO and Health Action International was used to collect medicine price and availability data. We obtained cross-sectional data for 48 medicines from 519 facilities (280 public hospitals and 239 private retail pharmacies) in five provinces in China in 2018. We also collected longitudinal data for 31 medicines in Shaanxi Province in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2018. Medicine price was compared with the international reference price to obtain a median price ratio (MPR). The availability and price in five provinces were compared in matched sets. We used general estimating equations to calculate differences in availability and median prices from 2010 to 2018.Findings: Mean availability of surveyed medicines in five provinces was low in both public (4.29–32.87%) and private sectors (13.50–43.75%). The MPR for lowest priced generics (LPGs) was acceptable (1.80–3.02) and for originator brands (OBs) was much higher (9.14–12.65). The variation was significant for both availability and price of medicines across provinces. In Shaanxi Province, the availability of medicines decreased between 2010 and 2018, but this was not significant in the public or private sector. Compared with 2010, the median adjusted patient price was significantly lower in 2018 for nine OBs (difference −22.4%; p = 0.005) and 20 LPGs (−20.5%; p = 0.046) in the public sector and 10 OBs (−10.2%; p = 0.047) in the private sector.Conclusion: Access to medicines was found to be poor and unequal across China in 2018. Future interventions are needed, and possible strategies include effective and efficient procurement, promoting the development of retail pharmacies and increasing medicine price transparency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Evaluating Price and Availability of Essential Medicines in China: A Mixed Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Yang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Medicines, especially essential medicines, play a significant role in health care [ 1 ]. Though health care is a basic human right [ 2 ], this fundamental right cannot be met without fair access to essential medicines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability, prices and affordability of essential medicines in Zhejiang Province, China

et al. 2020

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Objective To evaluate the availability, prices, and affordability of essential medicines in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods The survey was carried out in Zhejiang Province in 2018 following the methodology of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI). This method is an international standard method.Data on 50 medicines were collected from public health facilities and private pharmacies. Medication prices were compared with international reference prices to obtain a median price ratio. The affordability of medicines was measured based on the daily wage of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker. In private pharmacies, the mean availability of Originator Brands (OBs) and Lowest-priced Generics (LPGs) was 36.7% and 40.3%, respectively. Findings The effects of the mean availability of OBs and LPGs were seen in private pharmacies. Correspondingly, the average availability of OBs and LPGs was 41.8% and 35.1% in the public sector, respectively. In the public sector, the median price ratios (MPRs) were 5.21 for generics and 13.49 for OBs. In the private sector, the MPRs were 4.94 for generics and 14.75 for OBs. Treating common diseases with LPGs was generally affordable, while treatment with OBs was less affordable. Conclusions In Zhejiang Province, low availability was observed for medicines surveyed in the public and private sectors. Price differences between originator brands and generics in both sectors are apparent. OBs were more expensive than LPGs in both the public and private sectors. Low availability affects access to essential medicines. Policy measures should be taken to improve the availability of essential medicines.

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“…The availability of medicines for children is low in developing countries [8] [9] [17] [18]. This situation is also reported in Senegal with fewer than seven out of ten health facilities (HFs) that had at least one priority drug [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability, Management and Use of Priority Life-Saving Medicines for Under-Five Children in Two Health Districts in Senegal: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bassoum¹,

Ba²,

Tall³

et al. 2020

Health

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Under-five mortality remains a major concern in the world and in Senegal. It is mainly due to preventable and treatable diseases with priority life-saving medicines for under-five children. This study evaluated the availability, management and use of these drugs in two health districts in Senegal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the health districts of Guediawaye and Pete from 01 November 2018 to 31 January 2019. The health district of Guediawaye is in the region hosting the Senegalese capital while that of Pete is located in the region of Saint Louis, northern Senegal. Nine drugs that can prevent and treat malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition were selected. An inventory form and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data that was analyzed with SPSS and expressed as a percentage and average. Drug availability was 50.4% and 54.3% in Guediawaye and in Pete, respectively. Average stock-out duration in the past three months was estimated at 22.6 and 26 days, respectively. The drug management was marked, on the one hand, by a good availability of stock cards in the two districts with proportions equal to 100% and 94.1%, respectively, and on the other hand, by the presence of expired stocks in Pete (12.2%). About 79% and 88% of prescribers reported prescribing the basket drug, respectively. These results show that access to priority life-saving medicines for children remains a challenge.

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Availability, prices and affordability of selected essential medicines in Jordan: a national survey

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluating Price and Availability of Essential Medicines in China: A Mixed Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Evaluating Price and Availability of Essential Medicines in China: A Mixed Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Availability, prices and affordability of essential medicines in Zhejiang Province, China

Availability, Management and Use of Priority Life-Saving Medicines for Under-Five Children in Two Health Districts in Senegal: A Cross-Sectional Study

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