Previous exposure to a low infectious dose of Leishmania major exacerbates infection with Leishmania infantum in the susceptible BALB/c mouse

Nation, Catherine S.; Dondji, Blaise; Stryker, Gabrielle A.

doi:10.1007/s00436-012-2899-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Such attempts would limit the occurrence of VL outbreaks in this CL focus. Such outbreaks could be potentially worsened in human subjects previously exposed to L. major in this focus as described in laboratory animals . Nonetheless, VL as well as CL is serious opportunistic coinfections in HIV patients .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

First detection of Leishmania donovani in sand flies from Cameroon and its epidemiological implications

Tateng

Kirstein

Ngouateu

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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The causative agent of CL could not be detected in potential vectors. Instead, we found evidence for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) parasites in Phlebotomus duboscqi as well as enzootic reptile parasites in the Mokolo area. We recommend that an epidemiological survey be carried out in the area to evaluate the prevalence and eventually describe the clinical manifestations of VL in the human population. Political instability in neighbouring countries and the resulting refugee migration are likely explanations for the emergence of VL in Mokolo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

First detection of Leishmania donovani in sand flies from Cameroon and its epidemiological implications

Tateng

Kirstein

Ngouateu

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…infantum infection in C57BL/6 mice [22] the IL-4 mediated humoral response elicited against the parasite by leishmanization in BALB/c mice caused an aggravation of VL disease when ‘leishmanized’ mice were challenged with L . infantum [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with a Leishmania infantum HSP70-II null mutant confers long-term protective immunity against Leishmania major infection in two mice models

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe immunization with genetically attenuated Leishmania cell lines has been associated to the induction of memory and effector T cell responses against Leishmania able to control subsequent challenges. A Leishmania infantum null mutant for the HSP70-II genes has been described, possessing a non-virulent phenotype.Methodology/Principal findingsThe L. infantum attenuated parasites (LiΔHSP70-II) were inoculated in BALB/c (intravenously and subcutaneously) and C57BL/6 (subcutaneously) mice. An asymptomatic infection was generated and parasites diminished progressively to become undetectable in most of the analyzed organs. However, inoculation resulted in the long-term induction of parasite specific IFN-γ responses able to control the disease caused by a challenge of L. major infective promastigotes. BALB/c susceptible mice showed very low lesion development and a drastic decrease in parasite burdens in the lymph nodes draining the site of infection and internal organs. C57BL/6 mice did not show clinical manifestation of disease, correlated to the rapid migration of Leishmania specific IFN-γ producing T cells to the site of infection.Conclusion/SignificanceInoculation of the LiΔHSP70-II attenuated line activates mammalian immune system for inducing moderate pro-inflammatory responses. These responses are able to confer long-term protection in mice against the infection of L. major virulent parasites.

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“…Experimental cross-protection mediated by infection (24, 25, 48-54) as well as T cell cross-reactivity with antigens from different Leishmania species (15, 16) has been studied extensively in animal models, primarily in an effort to define proteins that could be used in a pan- Leishmania vaccine. Genome sequencing has also revealed that 90% of the genome is conserved between L. major and L. infantum , and 99% of the genes are syntenic (55, 56), suggesting a strong likelihood of shared antigens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genome sequencing has also revealed that 90% of the genome is conserved between L. major and L. infantum , and 99% of the genes are syntenic (55, 56), suggesting a strong likelihood of shared antigens. Remarkably, only two experimental studies have investigated the cross-protection mediated by primary infection with L. major against subsequent visceral infection (24, 25). These studies employed BALB/c mice chronically infected with L. major and showed no protection against either i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimentally, two prior studies have investigated this question and found that leishmanization either provided no protection (24) or enhanced visceral infection (25) following L. infantum challenge. However, these studies employed BALB/c mice that are susceptible to L. major infection due to a defect in the generation of Th1 immunity, a condition not typically observed in people infected with L. major (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Infection with Leishmania major Mediates Heterologous Protection against Visceral Infection with Leishmania infantum

Romano

Doria

Mendez

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

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Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease of the internal organs caused by the eukaryotic parasite Leishmania. Control of VL would best be achieved through vaccination. However, this has proven to be difficult partly because the correlates of protective immunity are not fully understood. In contrast, protective immunity against non-fatal cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is well defined and mediated by rapidly recruited, IFN-γ-producing, Ly6C+CD4+ T cells at the dermal challenge site. Protection against CL is best achieved by prior infection or live vaccination with Leishmania major, termed leishmanization. A long-standing question is whether prior CL or leishmanization can protect against VL. Employing an intra-dermal challenge model in mice, we report that cutaneous infection with Leishmania major provides heterologous protection against visceral infection with Leishmania infantum. Protection was associated with a robust CD4+ T cell response at the dermal challenge site and in the viscera. In-vivo labeling of circulating cells revealed that increased frequencies of IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells at sites of infection is due to recruitment or retention of cells in the tissue, rather than increased numbers of cells trapped in the vasculature. Shortly after challenge IFN-γ producing cells were highly enriched for Ly6C+T-bet+ cells in the viscera. Surprisingly, this heterologous immunity was superior to homologous immunity mediated by prior infection with Leishmania infantum. Our observations demonstrate a common mechanism of protection against different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. The efficacy of leishmanization against VL may warrant the introduction of the practice in VL endemic areas or during outbreaks of disease.

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Previous exposure to a low infectious dose of Leishmania major exacerbates infection with Leishmania infantum in the susceptible BALB/c mouse

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

First detection of Leishmania donovani in sand flies from Cameroon and its epidemiological implications

First detection of Leishmania donovani in sand flies from Cameroon and its epidemiological implications

Vaccination with a Leishmania infantum HSP70-II null mutant confers long-term protective immunity against Leishmania major infection in two mice models

Cutaneous Infection with Leishmania major Mediates Heterologous Protection against Visceral Infection with Leishmania infantum

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