Preventive Effects of Mandarin Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatonephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (NAPAP), is a traditional antipyretic and analgesic that is used extensively around the world to treat colds and fevers. However, a NAPAP excess causes rapid, severe liver and kidney damage. The goal of the study was to examine the protective effects and determine the mechanisms of action of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin in NAPAP-induced hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received a 0.5 g/kg oral supplement of NAPAP every other day for a period of four weeks. During the same period of NAPAP supplementation, MPHE (50 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered to rats receiving NAPAP. MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin treatments significantly improved liver function in NAPAP-supplemented rats. The high serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase as well as total bilirubin were significantly reduced, while the levels of suppressed serum albumin were significantly increased, demonstrating this improvement. Treatments utilizing these natural substances significantly enhanced kidney function as seen by a considerable decline in the increased blood levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Additionally, the injection of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin resulted in a decrease in the quantity of lipid peroxides while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and kidneys. The treatments markedly abated the NAPAP-induced liver and kidney histological perturbations and reduced the NAPAP-induced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and liver and kidney proapoptotic protein 53 and caspase 3 expressions. Otherwise, serum interleukin-4 level significantly increased by treatments. The MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin treatments resulted in marked decrease in liver and kidney histopathological scores including inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, and congestion. In conclusion, the MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin may induce hepatonephropreventive impacts in NAPAP-supplemented rats via enhancing the antioxidant defense system, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiapoptotic action.

Extraction, characterization of polyphenols from certain medicinal plants and evaluation of their antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antimicrobial properties, and potential use in human nutrition

“…Polyphenol polymers are characterized by several beneficial therapeutic uses such as bone regeneration, skin care, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, LDL oxidation, and enzyme inhibition; antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory therapies ( 8 ). Due to the resistance of microbes to many conventional medicines or their ineffectiveness against oxidative stress or various cancers, in this study, the medicinal plants’ polyphenolic extract were used as antioxidants and antimicrobials, as they have many diverse mechanisms through which they mitigate microbial resistance or free radicals ( 9 – 13 ).…”

Benefit of glucosyl Hesperidin in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: A multicenter, open-label, randomized control study

“…[15] Additionally, organ protective effects of hesperidin on liver and spleen were also rereported. [16][17][18] By the way, there have been many reports which show that improvement over time in biochemical test values such as serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase after medical therapy intervention is very useful as a better indicator of long-term life prognosis in patients with PBC. [19][20][21][22] Based on these evidences, the potential of glucosyl hesperidin as a therapeutic agent for PBC will be investigated in this study through antioxidative stress mechanisms by evaluating the improvements of hepatic biochemical indicis including GGT and alkaline phosphatase.…”

“…[15] Additionally, organ protective effects of hesperidin on liver and spleen were also rereported. [16–18]…”

Retracted: Preventive Effects of Mandarin Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatonephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”