Extraction, characterization of polyphenols from certain medicinal plants and evaluation of their antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antimicrobial properties, and potential use in human nutrition

Abstract

IntroductionDietary medicinal plants are among the most sought-after topics in alternative medicine today due to their preventive and healing properties against many diseases.AimThis study aimed to extract and determine the polyphenols from indigenous plants extracts, i.e., Mentha longifolia, M. arvensis, Tinospora cordifolia, Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare, Cassia absus, Camellia sinensis, Trachyspermum ammi, C. sinensis and M. arvensis, then evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial properties, besides enzyme inhibition of isolated polyphenols.MethodsThe antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, Superoxide radical, Hydroxyl radical (OH.), and Nitric oxide (NO.) scavenging activity; the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by enzymatic methods, and anticancer activity using MTT assay, while the antibacterial activity.ResultsThe results showed that tested medicinal plants’ polyphenolic extracts (MPPE) exhibited the most significant antioxidant activity in DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging methods because of the considerable amounts of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. UHPLC profile showed twenty-five polyphenol complexes in eight medicinal plant extracts, categorized into phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The main polyphenol was 3-Feroylquinic acid (1,302 mg/L), also found in M. longifolia, C. absus, and C. sinensis, has a higher phenolic content, i.e., rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, catechin, luteolin, 7-O-neohesperideside, quercetin 3,7-O-glucoside, hesperidin, rutin, quercetin, and caffeine in the range of (560–780 mg/L). At the same time, other compounds are of medium content (99–312 mg/L). The phenolics in C. sinensis were 20–116% more abundant than those in M. longifolia, C. absus, and other medicinal plants. While T. cordifolia is rich in alkaloids, T. ammi has a lower content. The MTT assay against Caco-2 cells showed that polyphenolic extracts of T. ammi and C. citratus had maximum cytotoxicity. While M. arvensis, C. sinensis, and F. vulgare extracts showed significant enzyme inhibition activity, C. sinensis showed minor inhibition activity against α-amylase. Furthermore, F. vulgare and C. sinensis polyphenolic extracts showed considerable antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. enterica.DiscussionThe principal component analysis demonstrated clear separation among medicinal plants’ extracts based on their functional properties. These findings prove the therapeutic effectiveness of indigenous plants and highlight their importance as natural reserves of phytogenic compounds with untapped potential that needs to be discovered through advanced analytical methods.

Chia Phenolic Extract Appear to Improve Small Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, Bacterial Populations, and Inflammation Biomarkers In Vivo (Gallus gallus)

“…Increased E. coli has been found in pathologies such as celiac disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and gastrointestinal cancer [ 15 ]. The ability of polyphenols to reduce E. coli has been previously reported [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and some examples are the polyphenols of red wine [ 52 ], gallic acid [ 53 ], and grape pomace [ 54 ]. An extract of black corn, rich in anthocyanin, demonstrated in ovo a result similar to ours, reducing the E. coli and maintaining the Lactobacillus population [ 28 ].…”

Different Biological Activities Especially Antioxidants Activity of plants Based Functional Foods for Humans’ Health

“…Principal component analysis demonstrated distinct functional properties among plant extracts, underscoring their therapeutic potential and the importance of further exploration through advanced analytical methods. [16] Plant foods contain various bioactive compounds like proteins, polyphenols, phytosterols, and carotenoids, which offer health benefits such as cancer prevention, cardiovascular disease management, and diabetes control, as well as improvements in gut health, immune function, and neurodegenerative disorders. These bioactive components exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, among others, contributing to their therapeutic effects against various human diseases.…”

A Comprehensive Analytical Review of Polyphenols: Evaluating Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In the context of AD treatment, polyphenols have been the subject of extensive in vitro research on their potential neuroprotective effects. In nature, polyphenols are synthesized via the shikimate and malonate pathways [ 139 ], leading to a mixture of phenolic compounds [ 140 ], whose identity and concentration is often unexplored. Therefore, multiple in vitro studies have relied on pure polyphenols, referring to these compounds in their isolated form, devoid of any accompanying substances from the original biogenic source.…”