Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections by GarglingA Randomized Trial

Satomura, Kazunari; Kitamura, Tetsuhisa; Kawamura, Takashi; Shimbo, Takuro; Watanabe, Motoi; Kamei, Mitsuhiro; Takano, Yoshihisa; Tamakoshi, Akiko

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.013

Cited by 119 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The welldesigned RCT involved 387 adults randomly assigned to gargling with water, gargling with a diluted povidone-iodine solution or usual care (control). 37 Gargling with the povidone-iodine solution had no effect, whereas gargling with water was effective in reducing the risk of an upper respiratory tract infection (30.1% v. 40.8% in the control group; p = 0.044), for a number needed to treat of 10. The degree of gargling Other interventions A variety of other interventions have been studied for the prevention of the common cold.…”

Section: Garglingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Allan

Arroll

2014

CMAJ

163

136

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Section: Garglingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Allan

Arroll

2014

CMAJ

163

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Another distinctive item is "I perform gargling and hand washing. " In Japan, water gargling is generally accepted and strongly recommended as a cost-effective and preventive modality against upper respiratory tract infection [20]. For these reasons, daily gargling is recommended for transplant recipients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Self-Management Scale for Kidney Transplant Recipients, Including Management of Post-Transplantation Chronic Kidney Disease

Kosaka

Tanaka

Sakai

et al. 2013

ISRN Transplantation

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An evaluation scale is indispensable for the promotion of continuing, effective postkidney transplantation self-management behaviors. We aimed to develop and validate a new self-management scale for kidney transplant recipients to improve their long-term outcomes and prevent the recurrence of CKD complications. Two hundred and thirty-nine Japanese patients who had undergone kidney transplantation were recruited from three hospitals. The scale's validity and reliability were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients. Scale items were selected by considering the findings of a clinical importance survey of 17 experts. Four subscales were identified by the factor analysis: "Self-monitoring" (six items), "Self-care behavior in daily living" (seven items), "Early detecting and coping with abnormalities after kidney transplantation" (four items), and "Stress management" (three items). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.61 to 0.87. A further four items with high clinical importance were added to the scale. The final scale comprised 24 items within four subscales and four single items. The intraclass correlation ranged from 0.88 to 0.95 in each subscale and the weighted kappa coefficient for the single items ranged from 0.33 to 0.72. The validity and reliability of our new self-management scale were confirmed by a patient-based field survey.

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“…Moreover, for the prevention of droplet infection and contact infection, there is evidence that gargling is effective. 18 As a result, for epidemic prevention of influenza, the wearing of masks combined with effective hand hygiene and gargling may enhance preventive results in future studies. In this study, for the first examination of patients suffering from influenza by physicians, influenza prevention was considered from the standpoint of public health, but to consider the epidemic result of influenza, it can be postulated that infection can be prevented by the continuous wearing of masks either in health or illness respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Face Masks for the Prevention of Influenza Infection: a Meta-analysis

2014

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Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of face masks for preventing influenza infection.Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify clinical trials that compared the incidence of influenza infection among family members with and without the use of antiviral face masks; some trials also contained the use of hand hygiene in the intervention group. Data from each trial were combined using a random effects model with the DerSimonian-Laird method to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results:The meta-analysis included seven randomized controlled trials that met our inclusion criteria. With the use of antiviral face masks, the pooled ORs (95% CIs) of laboratory proven infection were 0.69 (0.22-2.18). The pooled ORs (95% CIs) of influenza-like illness (ILI) were 1.07 (0.65-1.78). With the use of antiviral face masks and concomitant hand hygiene, the pooled ORs (95% CIs) of laboratory proven infection were 0.70 (0.35-1.39) in early intervention cases, and 0.93 (0.66-1.30) in all cases. The pooled ORs (95% CIs) of ILI were 1.01 (0.47-2.19) in early intervention cases, and 1.06 (0.53-2.13) in all cases. Conclusion:No statistically significant differences were detected in the incidence of influenza infection by wearing antiviral face masks, suggesting that distribution of face masks in primary care settings may not be enough to prevent influenza-like illnesses amongst family members.

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Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections by GarglingA Randomized Trial

Cited by 119 publications

References 20 publications

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Development of Self-Management Scale for Kidney Transplant Recipients, Including Management of Post-Transplantation Chronic Kidney Disease

Antiviral Face Masks for the Prevention of Influenza Infection: a Meta-analysis

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