Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Allan, G. Michael; Arroll, Bruce

doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442

Cited by 163 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…It has been estimated that rhinovirus accounts for most clinical cases followed by influenza viruses, human coronaviruses, RSV, parainfluenza and adenoviruses [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A medical device forming a protective barrier that deactivates four major common cold viruses

Stefansson¹,

Guðmundsdóttir²,

Clarsund³

2017

Virol Res Rev

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The medical device ColdZyme is a mouth spray that forms a barrier in the throat against common cold viruses. The barrier solution of the device is composed of glycerol and Atlantic cod trypsin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virus deactivating ability of ColdZyme against four major common cold viruses. A virucidal efficacy suspension test was conducted using ColdZyme against each of the challenge viruses in suspension. ColdZyme deactivated rhinovirus type 1A by 91.7% (1.08 log 10 ), rhinovirus type 42 by 92.8% (1.14 log 10 ), human influenza A virus H3N2 by 96.9% (1.51 log 10 ), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by 99.9% (2.94 log 10 ) and adenovirus type 2 by 64.5% (0.45 log 10 ). Based on the results, ColdZyme showed an effective broad-spectrum impact against common cold viruses. Thus, ColdZyme might represent a device with clinical benefits in prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections by deactivating viruses within the respiratory tract.

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“…It has been estimated that rhinovirus accounts for most clinical cases followed by influenza viruses, human coronaviruses, RSV, parainfluenza and adenoviruses [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A medical device forming a protective barrier that deactivates four major common cold viruses

Stefansson¹,

Guðmundsdóttir²,

Clarsund³

2017

Virol Res Rev

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Section: Epidemiology Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections In Preschmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral URI symptoms such as a runny nose, ear pain, cough, and fever peak 1-3 days after infection and resolve without treatment within 7-10 days, although symptoms can last for up to three weeks (Allan & Arroll, 2014;Lustig & Schindler, 2015). Upper respiratory infections are contracted through direct or indirect contact with secretions from an infected person (Allan & Arroll, 2014). The increased rate of URIs in daycare is due to poor transmission prevention such as the touching of infected toys, decreased hand-washing, and lack of use of barriers, such as the use of one's own elbow or tissue during sneezing or coughing.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections In Preschmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhinovirus belongs to the picornavirus family and is the most common cause of URIs in children, occurring in 52-76% of reported cases (Allan & Arroll, 2014;Kennedy et al, 2012). There are 100 different subtypes of the Rhinovirus.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Uris In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…URI prevention can be aimed at reduction of transmission or protection to reduce susceptibility to infection (Hansen et al, 2015a). Prevention of URIs is focused on reducing transmission from person to person (Allan & Arroll, 2014;Lynch, 2014).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared decision making in primary care: barriers and facilitators of shared decision making in the context of decreasing the use of unnecessary antibiotics for preschool children ages 3-5 with upper respiratory tract infections

Raiser¹

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Vaccines for the common cold

Montesinos-Guevara

Buitrago-Garcia

Felix

et al. 2022

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background The common cold is a spontaneously remitting infection of the upper respiratory tract, characterised by a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, cough, malaise, sore throat, and fever (usually < 37.8 ºC). Whilst the common cold is generally not harmful, it is a cause of economic burden due to school and work absenteeism. In the United States, economic loss due to the common cold is estimated at more than USD 40 billion per year, including an estimate of 70 million workdays missed by employees, 189 million school days missed by children, and 126 million workdays missed by parents caring for children with a cold. Additionally, data from Europe show that the total cost per episode may be up to EUR 1102. There is also a large expenditure due to inappropriate antimicrobial prescription. Vaccine development for the common cold has been difficult due to antigenic variability of the common cold viruses; even bacteria can act as infective agents. Uncertainty remains regarding the efficacy and safety of interventions for preventing the common cold in healthy people, thus we performed an update of this Cochrane Review, which was first published in 2011 and updated in 2013 and 2017. Objectives To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of vaccines for preventing the common cold in healthy people. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (April 2022), MEDLINE (1948 to April 2022), Embase (1974 to April 2022), CINAHL (1981 to April 2022), and LILACS (1982 to April 2022). We also searched three trials registers for ongoing studies, and four websites for additional trials (April 2022). We did not impose any language or date restrictions. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any virus vaccine compared with placebo to prevent the common cold in healthy people. Data collection and analysis We used Cochrane’s Screen4Me workflow to assess the initial search results. Four review authors independently performed title and abstract screening to identify potentially relevant studies. We retrieved the full‐text articles for those studies deemed potentially relevant, and the review authors independently screened the full‐text reports for inclusion in the review, recording reasons for exclusion of the excluded studies. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third review author when needed. Two review authors independently collected data on a data extraction form, resolving any disagreements by consensus or by involving a third review author. We double‐checked data transferred into Review Manager 5 software. Three review authors independently assessed risk of bias using RoB 1 tool as outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We carried out statistical analysis using Review Manager 5. We did not conduct a meta‐analysis, and w...

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Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Cited by 163 publications

References 92 publications

A medical device forming a protective barrier that deactivates four major common cold viruses

A medical device forming a protective barrier that deactivates four major common cold viruses

Shared decision making in primary care: barriers and facilitators of shared decision making in the context of decreasing the use of unnecessary antibiotics for preschool children ages 3-5 with upper respiratory tract infections

Vaccines for the common cold

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