Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS

Beekmann, Susan E.; Henderson, David K.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2014.08.005

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was first developed in response to occupational exposures to HIV, whereby antiretroviral treatment was provided to persons following HIV exposure via needlestick, surgical, or laboratory injury. 59,63 Now also used following high risk sexual exposures (both consensual and non-consensual), non-occupational PEP (also known as nPEP) is a regular offering to those who may have been exposed to HIV. 65 These post-exposure biomedical treatments leverage the concept that use of antiretroviral treatment prevents HIV acquisition.…”

Section: The Hiv Prevention Armamentariummentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the USA

2015

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This update on the epidemiology and prevention of HIV in the United States is intended to provide contextual background that will help inform an understanding of recent developments in the domestic HIV epidemic. We describe the epidemiology of HIV disease in the US and the HIV continuum of care based on data collected primarily through HIV surveillance systems led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention including HIV incidence, prevalence, comorbidities and death. Populations and geographic regions disparately impacted by HIV are also highlighted. The HIV prevention armamentarium is also described including behavioral approaches to prevention, the emerging availability of biomedical prevention interventions such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, and structural and population-level interventions including treatment as prevention. Finally gaps in our understanding of the epidemic are underscored and suggestions for future epidemiologic research are proposed.

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Section: The Hiv Prevention Armamentariummentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the USA

2015

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“…PEP includes counseling, first aid care, HIV testing and administration of a 28-day course of antiretroviral drugs with follow-up care [ 6 ]. PEP was first used for HIV occupational exposure in the late 1980’s, and then gradually extended to non-occupational exposure including drug injection and sexual behavior [ 7 ]. The World Health Organization guidelines for PEP were first recommended in 2014 for all populations with both occupational and non-occupational exposures [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) services in China: a mixed methods study

Jiao

Zhang³

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Drug users are regarded as a high-risk population for HIV infection. Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is internationally regarded as an effective biomedical prevention against HIV but still a small-scale pilot project in China at present. The aim of this study was to understand drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use nPEP service in China. Methods This mixed methods study consisting of a qualitative study and a cross-sectional survey was conducted in two cities of China from 2018 to 2019. The in-depth interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic framework analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use nPEP. Results There were 401 and 19 participants included in quantitative and qualitative study respectively. Among participants in quantitative study, 30.2% had heard of nPEP and 56.7% reported willingness to use nPEP in future HIV exposure. In multivariate analyses, nPEP awareness was associated with age, sex, education level, AIDS knowledge score and HIV risk perception. nPEP willingness was associated with AIDS knowledge score, HIV risk perception, alcohol use, monthly income and awareness of nPEP. The qualitative results showed the barriers to nPEP willingness included the fatigue after taking drugs, high cost and side effects of nPEP medication, long nPEP course, and fear of privacy disclosure. Conclusion Drug users had low nPEP awareness and only about half participants reported willingness to use nPEP. It is essential to promote nPEP education campaigns among drug users, especially for elders, women and those with lower education level. Simultaneously, price regulation, side effect management, psychological support and privacy protection need to be managed well when nPEP is routinized.

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“…None of the antiretroviral agents has received FDA approval for the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of HIV [ 28 - 31 ]. However, the rationale for offering PEP for HIV is based on studies of the efficacy of antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis in animal models and on a case-control study [ 32 - 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Outcomes of Post-exposure Prophylaxis following Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Dental Departments of Hiroshima University Hospital

Shintani

Iwata

Okada

et al. 2020

CHR

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Background: Dental professionals have so many opportunities to use injection needles and sharp instruments during dental treatment that they face an increased risk of needlestick injuries. This retrospective study reports the utilization and clinical outcomes of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with anti-retroviral agents after being potentially exposed to HIV at dental departments of Hiroshima University Hospital. Objective: This study reports the utilization and clinical outcomes of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with anti-retroviral agents after being potentially exposed to HIV at dental departments of Hiroshima University Hospital. Methods: Data on the clinical status of HIV-infected source patients and information on HIV-exposed dental professionals from 2007 to 2018 were collected. Results: Five dentists with an average experience of 5.6 years (1-15 years) were exposed. The averaged CD4-positive cell number and HIV-RNA load were 1176 (768-1898) / l and less than 20 copies/ml, respectively, in all the patients. Two of the five HIV exposed dentists received PEP. Three months after the exposures, all of their results were negative in HIV antibody/antigen tests. Conclusion: These data might support the concept of “undetectable equals untransmittable”, although HIV exposure in this study was not through sexual transmission.

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Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Update on the Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the USA

Update on the Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the USA

Drug users’ awareness of and willingness to use HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) services in China: a mixed methods study

Clinical Outcomes of Post-exposure Prophylaxis following Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Dental Departments of Hiroshima University Hospital

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