Prevention of endotoxin‐induced arterial hypoxaemia and lactic acidosis with flunixin meglumine in the conscious pony

Abstract

Summary Bacterial endotoxin injected intravenously into conscious ponies produced alterations in cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal function. Specifically, tachypnoea, dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, colic, lactic acidosis and diarrhoea resulted from administration of 10μg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. Pretreatment of the ponies with a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, flunixin meglumine, prevented these ill effects of endotoxin. Résumé Des endotoxines bactériennes injectées par voie intraveineuse à des poneys conscients, engendrèrent des altérations des fonctions pulmonaires et gastro intestinales. En particulier de la tachypnée, de la dyspnée, de l'hypoxie, des coliques, de l'acidose lactique et de la diarrhée résultèrent de l'administration d'endotoxines colibacillaires. Le traitement préalable des poneys avec un puissant inhibiteur de la synthèse des prostaglandines, la flunixin méglumine, empêcha ces effets néfastes de l'endotoxine. Zusammenfassung Intravenös gegebenes, bakterielles Endotoxin verursachte cardiopulmonäre und gastrointestinale Funktionsstörungen bei Ponies. Eine Dosis von 10 μg Coli‐Endotoxin pro kg Körpergewicht rief Tachypnoe, Dyspnoe, Hypoxaemie, Kolik, Lactacidose und Diarrhoe hervor. Eine vorangehende Behandlung der Ponies mit einem wirksamen Prostaglandin‐Synthesehemmer (Flunixin Meglumin) vermochte die Endotoxinwirkung zu unterdrücken.

Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

“…[13][14][15][16][17] In 1 study, 17 IV administration of E coli O55:B5 LPS at a dose of 30 ng/kg decreased the WBC count, compared with baseline values, and the nadir occurred 2 hours after infusion. [13][14][15][16][17] In 1 study, 17 IV administration of E coli O55:B5 LPS at a dose of 30 ng/kg decreased the WBC count, compared with baseline values, and the nadir occurred 2 hours after infusion.…”

“…Administration of a high dose of LPS (125 µg/kg) to ponies induces hyperglycemia within the first hour, followed by significant hypoglycemia, compared with blood glucose concentrations before endotoxin administration; however, plasma insulin concentrations remained unchanged. [13][14][15][16][17] However, endotoxemia may still play a role in the development of laminitis, and this method allows physiologic responses to LPS administration to be isolated and studied. 12 If IR is an important risk factor for laminitis, then endotoxemia may exacerbate this disturbance in glucose metabolism and further increase the risk of disease.…”

Induction and characterization of endotoxin tolerance in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

“…Flunixin meglumine is effective if given pre-endotoxin exposure but has little impact once responses are already initiated . Pretreatment with 1.1 mg/kg bwt of flunixin meglumine is more effective than low dose flunixin meglumine treatment at ameliorating tachycardia, tachypnea and fever induced by LPS (Moore et al 1981) and has been shown to increase time till death in fatal models of endotoxemia in the horse (Ewert et al 1985;Templeton et al 1987). Flunixin meglumine at 1.1 mg/kg bwt maintained cardiovascular function and peripheral perfusion during experimental endotoxemia in ponies (Ward et al 1987).…”

Incidence, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications in colic cases

“…In this hospital, flunixin (Finadyne; Fisons), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is given during surgery for its analgesic and endotoxic shock antagonistic properties (Moore, Garner and Shapland 1981a). Generally this gives a smooth and pain free recovery period and no further analgesics should be necessary.…”