Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

Tóth, Ferenc; Frank, Nicholas; Elliott, Sarah B.; Geor, Raymond J.; Boston, Raymond C.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.1.82

Cited by 80 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…24,25 Rectal temperature only increased in response to LPS administration on the first day of treatment, indicating horses became refractory to the effects of LPS. 24,25 Rectal temperature only increased in response to LPS administration on the first day of treatment, indicating horses became refractory to the effects of LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of continuous or intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 48 hours on the systemic inflammatory response in horses

Tadros

Frank

2012

ajvr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of continuous or intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 48 hours on the systemic inflammatory response in horses

Tadros

Frank

2012

ajvr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both hyperglycemia and increased PCV have previously been documented to correlate with lesion severity and survival [1,3]. Exposure to LPS has been shown to result in hyperglycemia in horses [35,36]. Increased glucose in endotoxemia or other hypermetabolic states is directly attributed to tissue insulin resistance and endocrine derangement and reflects more severely disrupted homeostatic mechanisms [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of plasma muscle enzyme activity as an indicator of lesion characteristics and prognosis in horses undergoing celiotomy for acute gastrointestinal pain

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIn horses undergoing celiotomy for acute gastrointestinal pain, identification of variables correlating with lesion severity and location, and survival provide veterinarians and owners with information that aids in making informed decisions regarding appropriate treatment. Muscle enzyme activity is often increased in horses undergoing celiotomy for acute gastrointestinal pain and it is not known if muscle enzyme activity increase is specific to lesion type or impacts prognosis for survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of pre-operative increase in muscle enzyme activities with intestinal lesion characteristics, specifically lesion location (large versus small intestine) and whether it was strangulating versus nonstrangulating, and case survival in horses undergoing celiotomy for acute gastrointestinal pain.MethodsRecords of 241 horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for colic were reviewed retrospectively. Evaluation of preoperative plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities, fibrinogen and glucose concentrations, and hematocrit (HCT) and their association with gastrointestinal lesion characteristics and survival was performed.ResultsPre-operative increase in plasma CK and AST activity, and HCT and decrease in plasma bilirubin concentration were significantly associated with presence of lesions resulting in intestinal ischemia. Increase in plasma CK activity and HCT were significantly associated with a decreased probability of survival to hospital discharge. Plasma GGT and SDH activity, and glucose and fibrinogen concentration were not significantly associated with survival or severity of disease in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsPlasma muscle enyzme activity may be useful as a prognostic indicator in equine colic cases. Given that increases in plasma CK and AST activity were significantly associated with nonsurvival and the presence of intestinal ischemia, preoperative increase in these enzyme activities could assist in identification of disease severity and prognosis of horses undergoing celiotomy for acute gastrointestinal pain. Further study is indicated to elucidate the etiology of increased muscle enzyme activity in horses with surgical colic disease observed in this preliminary study.

show abstract

“…This effect is presumably caused by the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory substances, which could inhibit the normal gastrointestinal muscular activity, reduce the threshold for painful stimuli, and/or reduce gastrointestinal blood flow. As a consequence of these possible effects of LPS, it may be surmised that endotoxaemia can increase the likelihood that a donkey Some in vivo experiments have been conducted in horses and ponies using physiological amounts of E. coli O55:B5 endotoxin at doses of 20-30 ng/kg (Moore et al 2007;Toth et al 2008;McGovern et al 2013;Watts et al 2014) or 0.1 µg/kg (Rosa et al 2003), which were given via slow i.v. infusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of experimentally-induced endotoxaemia on clinical variables and markers of systemic inflammation in donkeys (Equus asinus)

El-Ashker¹,

El-Sebaei²,

Aamer³

2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:In view of the frequent involvement of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of equine diseases, the present study set out to gain preliminary insight into the challenge caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in donkeys and into the responses of animals to LPS challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the susceptibility and response of donkeys to LPS administration and the first to describe the extent to which donkeys can tolerate a state of endotoxaemia. For this purpose, 18 clinically healthy, native breed donkeys were randomly allocated into three groups of equal size. The first and second groups received E. coli O55:B5 endotoxin at a dose rate of 20 ng/kg (Low dose group), and 5.0 µg/kg (High dose group), respectively, after dilution in 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline, while the third group (Control) received 500 ml of 0.9% isotonic saline solution. Blood samples were drawn from each animal before exposure to LPS and hourly for 6 h subsequently to measure the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as the cellular response. All animals were clinically monitored throughout the study period. Following LPS exposure, donkeys in both treated groups had quite different temporal patterns of clinical manifestations. The high dose of LPS yielded a statistically significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) increase in heart rate, and respiratory rate, as well as hypothermia and poor outcome compared with animals receiving the low dose. The severity of colic was, in general, mild in donkeys receiving the low dose of LPS, while the signs were overt in those receiving the high dose. Donkeys of both treated groups exhibited marked cellular alterations and up-regulation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 with a marginal increase in the values of serum amyloid A compared with controls (P < 0.05). The results described herein demonstrate that donkeys can respond to even a physiological dose of E. coli O55:B5 endotoxin, while a high dose can elicit overt clinical alterations and marked inflammatory responses. Further studies with an extended follow-up time are needed to verify and generalise the obtained findings and to evaluate novel medications to minimise the deleterious consequences of endotoxaemia in equine patients.

show abstract

Effects of an intravenous endotoxin challenge on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses

Abstract: Compared with baseline values, insulin sensitivity was decreased for 24 hours after IV injection of LPS, and affected horses had a compensatory pancreatic response. These disturbances in glucose and insulin dynamics may contribute to development of laminitis in horses.

Cited by 80 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of continuous or intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 48 hours on the systemic inflammatory response in horses

Effects of continuous or intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 48 hours on the systemic inflammatory response in horses

Evaluation of plasma muscle enzyme activity as an indicator of lesion characteristics and prognosis in horses undergoing celiotomy for acute gastrointestinal pain

The influence of experimentally-induced endotoxaemia on clinical variables and markers of systemic inflammation in donkeys (Equus asinus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About