Prevention of Barite Sag in Water-Based Drilling Fluids by A Urea-Based Additive for Drilling Deep Formations

Mohamed, Abdelmjeed; Alafnan, Saad; Elkatatny, Salaheldin; Hussein, Ibnelwaleed A.

doi:10.3390/su12072719

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several experimental studies were performed to simulate and measure the barite sag tendency in the laboratory under static and dynamic conditions. One of the common methods to evaluate the sag tendency of the drilling fluid is measuring the weight difference between the top and bottom of the fluid column using flow loops, sag cell setup, and viscometer sag show test (Hanson et al 1990;Aldea et al 2001;Saasen et al 2002;Temple et al 2004;Murphy et al 2008;Alabdullatif et al 2015;Davis et al 2017;Basfar et al 2018;Elkatatny 2018Elkatatny , 2019Boyou et al 2019;Mohamed et al 2020). Another method of barite sag measurement is using the rheological and viscoelastic properties obtained by different rheometers and correlates the data with sag tendency (Chilingarian et al 1983;Saasen et al 1995;Power and Zamora 2003;Maxey 2007;Bern et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies were conducted to solve solids sag phenomenon in oil-and water-based muds by training rig personnel (Scott et al 2004), optimizing the rheological properties of the drilling fluid using anti-sagging agents and rheology modifiers (Temple et al 2004;Davis et al 2017;Basfar et al 2018;Elkatatny 2018Elkatatny , 2019Mohamed et al 2020), reducing the particle size of the weighting agent (Mohamed et al 2017;Boyou et al 2019), replacing the weight material, or adding a combination of weight materials (Alabdullatif et al 2015;Abdou et al 2018;Basfar et al 2019;Mohamed et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Barite–Micromax mixture, an enhanced weighting agent for the elimination of barite sag in invert emulsion drilling fluids

Basfar

Mohamed

Elkatatny

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Weighting agents are mixed with the drilling mud to provide the high density required to control high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells throughout the drilling operation. Solids sag occurs when the weighting agent separates from the liquid phase and settles down, causing variations in the drilling fluid density. This study evaluates barite-manganese tetroxide (Micromax) mixture to eliminate solids sag issue encountered with weighted invert emulsion drilling fluids at HPHT conditions. Micromax additive was added to barite-weighted fluids in different concentrations, 0, 15, and 30 wt% of the total weighting agent. Static and dynamic sag tests were used to evaluate the sag tendency of the new formulation under static and dynamic conditions. The performance of the new formulation was evaluated by measuring the electrical stability, density, rheological, viscoelastic, and filtration properties of the drilling fluid. The obtained results showed that Micromax additive improves drilling fluid stability by reducing the sag tendency. Adding only 30 wt% of Micromax additive eliminated barite sag issue in both dynamic and static conditions at 350 °F. 30 wt% Micromax increased the base fluid density by 5.4% and the yield point by 115% and maintained the gel strength value at 12 lb/100 ft 2 , while it reduced the plastic viscosity by 30%. The addition of Micromax additive improved the viscoelastic properties of the drilling fluid by maintaining a higher storage modulus to the loss modulus ratio when compared with the barite sample (in the range 4-4.5). Furthermore, 30 wt% Micromax improved the filtration performance by reducing the filtrate volume, filter cake weight, and filter cake thickness by 50%.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barite–Micromax mixture, an enhanced weighting agent for the elimination of barite sag in invert emulsion drilling fluids

Basfar

Mohamed

Elkatatny

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, gel strength refers to the ability to suspend drill cuttings during connections or other static conditions. As it increases over time, more pressure is required to overcome the accumulated gel strength and initiate the circulation [ 30 ].…”

Section: Drilling Fluids and Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Eco-Friendly Waste Generated Nanomaterials in Water-Based Drilling Fluids; State of the Art Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An important aspect of hydrocarbon drilling is the usage of drilling fluids, which remove drill cuttings and stabilize the wellbore to provide better filtration. To stabilize these properties, several additives are used in drilling fluids that provide satisfactory rheological and filtration properties. However, commonly used additives are environmentally hazardous; when drilling fluids are disposed after drilling operations, they are discarded with the drill cuttings and additives into water sources and causes unwanted pollution. Therefore, these additives should be substituted with additives that are environmental friendly and provide superior performance. In this regard, biodegradable additives are required for future research. This review investigates the role of various bio-wastes as potential additives to be used in water-based drilling fluids. Furthermore, utilization of these waste-derived nanomaterials is summarized for rheology and lubricity tests. Finally, sufficient rheological and filtration examinations were carried out on water-based drilling fluids to evaluate the effect of wastes as additives on the performance of drilling fluids.

show abstract

“…8 − 10 Commonly used weighting materials are calcium carbonate, barium sulfate or barite, hematite, manganese tetroxide, and ilmenite. 11 , 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate as a Weighting Agent in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hydrostatic pressure exerted during the drilling operation is controlled by adding a weighting agent into drilling fluids. Various weighting materials such as barite, calcium carbonate, hematite, and ilmenite are used to increase the density of drilling fluids. Some weighting additives can cause serious drilling problems, including particle settling, formation damage, erosion, and insoluble filters. In this study, anhydrite (calcium sulfate) is used as a weighting additive in the oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF). Anhydrite is an abundantly available resource used in the preparation of desiccant, plaster of Paris, and Stucco. Anhydrite application in drilling fluids is discouraged because of its filter cake removal issue. This study investigated anhydrite (anhydrous CaSO 4 ) as a weighting agent and its filter cake removal procedure for OBDFs. The anhydrite performance as a weighting agent in OBDFs was evaluated by conducting several laboratory experiments such as density, rheology, fluid loss, and electrical stability and compared with that of commonly used weighting materials (barite, calcium carbonate, and hematite). The anhydrite was mixed in three different concentrations (62, 124, and 175 ppb) in a base-drilling fluid. The results showed that calcium sulfate enhanced rheological parameters such as plastic viscosity, yield point, apparent viscosity, and gel strength. CaSO 4 reduced the fluid loss and provided better control over the fluid loss than other tested weighting materials tested at the same concentration of 124 ppb. Similarly, the emulsion stability was decreased with the increase in the amount of calcium sulfate in the OBDF. The calcium sulfate filter cake can be removed easily from the wellbore with an efficiency of 83 to 91% in single-stage and multistage removal processes, respectively using the newly developed formulation consisting of 20 wt % potassium salt of glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (K 4 GLDA) as a chelating agent, 6 wt % potassium carbonate, and 10% ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The introduction of anhydrite as a weighting agent can be more beneficial for both academia and industry.

show abstract

Prevention of Barite Sag in Water-Based Drilling Fluids by A Urea-Based Additive for Drilling Deep Formations

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Barite–Micromax mixture, an enhanced weighting agent for the elimination of barite sag in invert emulsion drilling fluids

Barite–Micromax mixture, an enhanced weighting agent for the elimination of barite sag in invert emulsion drilling fluids

Utilization of Eco-Friendly Waste Generated Nanomaterials in Water-Based Drilling Fluids; State of the Art Review

Application of Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate as a Weighting Agent in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About