Prevention by Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) of Age-Associated Impairment of Brain Mitochondria

Sastre, Juan; Plá, Rosa Corcoy i; Juan, Gloria; Millán, A; Pallardó, Federico V.; Asunción, José García de la; Martín, J.A.; O’Connor, Enrique; Droy-Lefaix, Marie-Thérèse; Viña, José

doi:10.1201/9781439832059.ch45

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In this study, Northern blot analyses revealed that exposure of the cells to EGb 761 (100 mg/ml) or bilobalide (10 mg/ml) for 48 or 72 h caused a significant increase of about 2-fold in the level of NDI mRNA. Upon examining mitochondrial respiration during state 3 and state 4 by oxygraphy, it was shown further that state 4 respiration (which refers to the low electron flow and low rate of oxygen consumption that occur after ADP has been consumed) was significantly decreased and that the respiratory control ratio (RCR) was increased in cells that had been treated with EGb 761 or bilobalide [see also Janssens et al, 1995;Sastre et al, 1996]. (In mitochondria, the actively respiring state is termed ''state 3'' and the slower rate which occurs after all of the ADP has been phosphorylated to form ATP is termed ''state 4''.…”

Section: Subunit 1 Of Nadh Dehydrogenase (Nd1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age‐associated cognitive impairment

DeFeudis¹

2002

Drug Development Research

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Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761), which contains many constituents, including flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalide), is used to treat cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular insufficiency, as well as cognitive impairment and other symptoms of dementia. Recent studies have indicated that these therapeutic effects of EGb 761 probably involve modification of the expression of many genes by actions involving several of its active constituents. As examples: EGb 761 and its ginkgolide B constituent inhibit the expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the adrenal cortex and decrease circulating levels of corticosterone in the rat, effects that provide a mechanism for explaining the ''antistress'' action of the extract. Both the flavonoid and terpenoid constituents of EGb 761 decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), supporting an action of the extract of opposing the deleterious effects of excessive formation of NO. EGb 761 upregulates several genes that encode vital antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 and the regulatory and catalytic subunits of g-glutamyl-cysteinyl synthetase. Dietary treatment of mice with EGb 761 upregulates the expression of genes encoding neuronal tyrosine/threonine phosphatase 1 and microtubule-associated tau in the cerebral cortex, findings that are of interest since these proteins are associated with the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles found in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Bilobalide upregulates two mitochondrial-DNA-encoded genes, subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase and subunit ND1 of NADH dehydrogenase, indicating a fundamental mechanism that may underlie EGb 761-induced neuroprotection. Collectively, such results indicate that the therapeutic effects of EGb 761 on cognitive impairment (dementia) may involve its action of altering gene expression. Drug Dev.

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Section: Subunit 1 Of Nadh Dehydrogenase (Nd1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age‐associated cognitive impairment

DeFeudis¹

2002

Drug Development Research

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“…Concerning mtDNA, as it is in close proximity to the sites of ROS production and because it lacks protective histones or effective repair systems, it is a sensitive target for ROS attack: as a logical corollary, the level of oxidatively modified bases in mtDNA is 10-to 20-fold higher than that in nuclear DNA (53). A progressive accumulation of oxidative lesions, deletions, point mutations and aberrant forms have been found in mtDNA of postmitotic tissues upon aging, often involving the sites coding for respiratory chain proteins (23,56). As a result, mitochondria of aged postmitotic cells have decreased activity of the Krebs cycle, betaoxidation and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes and consequently produce less ATP than the mitochondria of young cells (14,56).…”

Section: •-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that oral treatment with certain antioxidants, such as sulphur-containing antioxidants (e.g. GSH and thiazolidine carboxylate derivatives), vitamins C and E or Ginkgo biloba protects against age-associated oxidative damage to mtDNA and oxidation of mitochondrial glutathione in brain tissue from mice and rats (22,23). Ginkgo biloba extracts have also been shown to prevent changes in neuronal mitochondrial function and morphology induced by aging (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSH and thiazolidine carboxylate derivatives), vitamins C and E or Ginkgo biloba protects against age-associated oxidative damage to mtDNA and oxidation of mitochondrial glutathione in brain tissue from mice and rats (22,23). Ginkgo biloba extracts have also been shown to prevent changes in neuronal mitochondrial function and morphology induced by aging (23). Green tea (GT) has also been in focus, as it is a rich source of brain-accessible antioxidants known as polyphenols (24,25).…”

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Protective action of green tea catechins in neuronal mitochondria during aging

Andrade¹

2015

Front Biosci

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Mitochondria are central players in the regulation of cell homeostasis. They are essential for energy production but at the same time, reactive oxygen species accumulate as byproducts of the electron transport chain causing mitochondrial damage. In the central nervous system, senescence and neurodegeneration occur as a consequence of mitochondrial oxidative insults and impaired electron transfer. The accumulation of several oxidation products in neurons during aging prompts the idea that consumption of antioxidant compounds may delay neurodegenerative processes. Tea, one of the most consumed beverages in the world, presents benefits to human health that have been associated to its abundance in polyphenols, mainly catechins, that possess powerful antioxidant properties in vivo and in vitro. In this review, the focus will be placed on the effects of green tea catechins in neuronal mitochondria. Although these compounds reach the brain in small quantities, there are several possible targets, signaling pathways and molecular machinery impinging in the mitochondria that will be highlighted. Accumulated evidence thus far seems to indicate that catechins help prevent neurodegeneration and delay brain function decline.

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“…The extracts of Ginkgos' sheets were largely used for the treatment of the cerebral insufficiency by modulation of the cerebral energy metabolism and inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase, thanks to terpenes trilactones [15,16]. The GBE were also used to fight with variety of neurological energy disorders of the Alzheimer disease passing through the depression, lack of attention and temporary loss of the memory [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatographic Method for Identification and Quantification of Terpene Trilactones in Ginkgo biloba L. Extract and Pharmaceutical Preparations~!2009-10-28~!2010-01-15~!2010-06-09~!

Sayadi¹,

Missaoui²,

Jamoussi³

et al. 2010

TOCBMJ

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A gas chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, C and J in Ginkgo biloba L. The Ginkgo terpene trilactones have been dissolved in 57% of pure ethanol in purified water and separated by extraction with a mixture of toluene/ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the solvent with nitrogen and derivatization, these chemical markers have been quantified using GC-FID. The intra-day RSD was ranged from 1.13% for bilobalide to 2.34% in case of ginkgolides. The inter-day RSD was ranged from 2.54% and 3.68% for, bilobalide and ginkgolides respectively. Mean recoveries were 99.78% ± 0.82% and 99.48% ± 0.86% for ginkgolides and bilobalide, respectively. Based on chromatograms, the response of the terpene trilactones was linearly dependent on the terpene concentration, i.e. linear calibration curve was found in the range of the method and was applied to analyze standard extract (containing 5-7% total terpenoids and 22-25% total flavonoids) as working standard and for the analysis of six Ginkgo pharmaceutical products offered on the market.

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Prevention by Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) of Age-Associated Impairment of Brain Mitochondria

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age‐associated cognitive impairment

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age‐associated cognitive impairment

Protective action of green tea catechins in neuronal mitochondria during aging

Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatographic Method for Identification and Quantification of Terpene Trilactones in Ginkgo biloba L. Extract and Pharmaceutical Preparations~!2009-10-28~!2010-01-15~!2010-06-09~!

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