Prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration with bone marrow derived stem (stromal) cells – an in vivo study in sheep

Abstract

miR-im6 transduced hBMSCs when compared with control. We also confirmed that the down-regulation of hedgehog signals by miR-im6 can suppress expression of wnt signal molecules (Wnt3a, Wnt7a, Wnt6, Wnt9b and b-catenin)(Fig 2b). On the contrary, indian hedgehog

Multifidus Muscle Changes After Back Injury Are Characterized by Structural Remodeling of Muscle, Adipose and Connective Tissue, but Not Muscle Atrophy

“…, 240 mo 26 ). Present data of no atrophy at subacute (3 mo) to early chronic (6 mo) phases, when IVD degeneration had peaked, 19 indicate that if atrophy does develop later (after 6 mo), it is not responsible for the earlier IVD degeneration and unlikely to be mediated by acute effects of injury ( e.g. , refl ex inhibition from IVD lesion, although that may explain a separate very early process 4 , 27 ).…”

“…Similarities in pathology and gene expression of IVD degeneration 19 and muscle changes 6 between humans and our model suggest that we have developed a good proxy for understanding consequences of IVD injury, although we cannot be certain of the pain experienced in animals. This study investigated gene expression of multiple molecular pathways with potential roles in muscle remodeling.…”

“…19 Muscle harvested at 6 months was used in earlier analyses. 6 Procedures were approved by the University of Sydney animal care and ethics care committee.…”

“…15 Unlike muscle, IVD pathology (loss of disc height, biomechanics, histopathology, and biochemistry) is maximal at 3 months in this model. 19 Muscle changes either develop more slowly than histopathological IVD changes at 3 months or are secondary to later events.…”

“…43 , 44 Multifi dus stretch/load may be limited by modifi ed movement 45 and muscle activity 22 , 27 , 46 , 47 as observed in human LBP or reduced IVD height in this animal model. 19 Investigation of potential changes in loading is required.…”