Preventing the Nosocomial Transmission of Tuberculosis

Blumberg, Henry M.; Watkins, Dan L.; Berschling, Jeffrey D.; A, Antle; Moore, Patricia; White, Nancy; Hunter, Mary; Green, Barbara; Ray, Susan M.; McGowan, John E.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00003

Cited by 164 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…(22) Blumberg et al studied the effectiveness of introducing such measures in a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia (USA) and reported a decrease in the number of new cases among individuals exposed to the disease and in the number of positive PPD tests among health care professionals. (29) The authors also suggested that changes in administrative policies played the most important role in achieving success, indicating that these should be the first modifications implemented in such an attempt to improve control measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistência aos medicamentos anti-tuberculose de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas de pacientes atendidos em hospital geral de referência para tratamento de AIDS no Rio de Janeiro

Brito¹,

Gounder²,

Lima³

et al. 2004

J. bras. pneumol.

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Background: Tuberculosis become important challenge to health care settings. Brazil has high prevalence of the disease and Rio de Janeiro has high incidence rates with 30% of cases notified at hospitals.Objective: To evaluate prevalence of initial and acquired drug resistance at a general hospital, reference for aids treatment in Rio de Janeiro and to identify associated factors.Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from 165 patients were analyzed, between August 1996 and February 1998.Results: Twenty per cent (33/165) were resistant to at least one drug; 13% (12/165) to isoniazid; 3.64% (6/165) to rifampin and 3.64% (6/165) to both. Among HIV seropositive subjects (52/165); 28.85% (15/52) were resistant to at least one drug. Acquired resistance occurred in 15.79% of 19 patients that mentioned previous antiTB treatment. Association statistically significant was found with non cavitation on X-ray in bivariate analyses (P=0.05). Eighty four patients refereed no previous treatment (NPT). Resistance to 1 or more drugs was found in 28.57% (24/84) of NPT patients. Association statistically significant with initial resistance was found with health care workers (P=0.004), unemployment (P=0.03), and diarrhea (P=0.01) in bivariate analyses. On multivariate analyses, health care workers (P=0.002) remained significantly associated with initial resistance.Conclusions: High resistance rates was found. It corroborates that hospitals needs attention for TB control especially which concerns to health care works infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistência aos medicamentos anti-tuberculose de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoladas de pacientes atendidos em hospital geral de referência para tratamento de AIDS no Rio de Janeiro

Brito¹,

Gounder²,

Lima³

et al. 2004

J. bras. pneumol.

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“…This hierarchy of control measures has been effective in terminating outbreaks of tuberculosis and preventing nosocomial transmission (25,97). These guidelines buttressed the nation's tuberculosis control programs, which decreased M. tuberculosis rates to 3.2% in 2004, the lowest case rate since reporting began in 1953.…”

Section: Mycobacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control in Acute-Care Settings

2011

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SUMMARY Health care-associated infections (HAIs) have become more common as medical care has grown more complex and patients have become more complicated. HAIs are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Growing rates of HAIs alongside evidence suggesting that active surveillance and infection control practices can prevent HAIs led to the development of hospital epidemiology and infection control programs. The role for infection control programs has grown and continues to grow as rates of antimicrobial resistance rise and HAIs lead to increasing risks to patients and expanding health care costs. In this review, we summarize the history of the development of hospital epidemiology and infection control, common HAIs and the pathogens causing them, and the structure and role of a hospital epidemiology and infection control program.

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“…These outbreaks stimulated substantial investment in administrative, personal and engineering infections control measures. [5][6][7][8] Tuberculosis was popularly known as consumption for a long time. Scientifically know it as an infection caused by M. tuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%