Preventing substance abuse in American Indian and Alaska native youth: Promising strategies for healthier communities.

Abstract

It has had profoundly harmful consequences on both individual and societal levels, and it is widely believed that few Indian families remain tmaffected, either directly or indirectly. The historical and political context surrounding alcohol use among American Indians and Alaska Natives is far too complex to address in the scope of this chapter (for a more in-depth discussion of this topic, see E. H. Hawkins & Blume, 2002). Although many communities have experienced social and cultural devastation that can be directly attributed to alcohol use, it

American Indian Youth: Personal, Familial, and Environmental Strengths

“…In one study, spiritual/traditional practices were shown to be a protective factor against suicide among American Indians (Garroutte et al, 2003). However, other research in this area that assessed traditions and culture as a strength has had conflicting results, with identity and self-concept and participation in traditions sometimes being associated with decreased (Thurman & Green, 1997) and sometimes increased rates of alcohol or substance use (Hawkins et al, 2004;Mail, HeurtinRoberts, Martin, & Howard, 2002;Petoskey, Van Stelle, & De Jong, 1998;Yu, Stiffman, & Freedenthal, 2005).…”

“…This is because strength characteristics develop within a complex mixture, with the presence of positive behaviors not necessarily being linearly associated with the absence of negative behavior (Hawkins et al, 2004;Mitchell & Beals, 1997). However, almost universally, familial strengths appear as a significant factor in both the research and theoretical literature (e.g., Bearinger et al, 2005;Cummins, Ireland, Resnick, & Blum, 1999;Stubben, 1997).…”

“…Resiliency concepts are often conceptualized as being on opposite ends of a continuum ranging from a "stressor" at one end to a "protector" or resilience mechanism at another (Radke-Yarrow & Brown, 1993). Others define the concept of "strengths" as going beyond the aspect of risk and potentially having independent or orthogonal relationships with risk (Hawkins, Cummins & Marlatt, 2004). This article uses the concept of "strengths" to refer to a present or current situation only with no preconceived relationship to outcomes.…”

Diseño del cuestionario de creencias referidas al consumo de alcohol para jóvenes universitarios

“…El consumo de alcohol en jóvenes, como fenóme-no, resulta bastante complejo de predecir debido a la multiplicidad de factores asociados al mismo, entre ellos los estados afectivos, la motivación, los procesos conductuales de ingesta, el balance decisional (Flórez-Alarcón, Botero & Moreno, 2005;Flórez-Alarcón, 2007), el género, la edad, el nivel socio-económico, los antecedentes familiares de ingesta, el patrón de consumo de pares y amigos (Rhodes & Jason, 1990;Carmona & Chávez, 1991;Donaldson, Graham, Piccinin & Hansen (1995); Stice, Myers & Brown, 1998;Ouellette, Gerrard, Gibbons & Reis-Bergan, 1999;James, 2003;Guerrero, 2003;Uruk & Demir, 2003;Hawkins, Cummins & Marlatt, 2004;Londoño, 2007;Londoño, Valencia, Hernández & León, 2007), la capacidad para resistir la presión del grupo dirigida a promover el consumo, el rendimiento escolar y la migración del país (Carvajal & Andrade, 2005).…”

Yaşam Becerilerinin Kazandırılmasında Yaratıcı Drama Yönteminin Kullanılması

“…Ergenler, yaşamla nasıl başa çıkacaklarını öğrenecekleri yeni deneyimlerle daha fazla ilgileneceklerdir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında davranış değişikleri "iyileşme ve düzelme"den çok bir "keşif yolculuğu"na dönüşür (Hawkins, Cummins, Marlatt, 2004).…”