Preventing fungal growth on heritage paper with antifungal and cellulase inhibiting magnesium oxide nanoparticles

Castillo, Isabel Franco; Guillén, Esther García; Fuente, Jesús M. de la; Silva, Filomena; Mitchell, Scott G.

doi:10.1039/c9tb00992b

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Many papers have proposed using NPs to prevent rather than control biodeterioration. Franco Castillo and colleagues [ 34 ] investigated magnesium oxide nanoparticles to protect 18th century papers from fungi without altering the appearance of the samples. Zarzuela et al [ 35 ] developed, via a sol–gel route, CuO/SiO 2 nanocomposites as protective coatings for built heritage.…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

2020

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The microbial deterioration of cultural heritage includes physical and chemical damage as well as aesthetic alteration. With the technological advancement, a plethora of techniques for removing unwanted microorganisms have opened up new opportunities for microbiologists and conservators. This article reviews the most applied, up-to-date, and sustainable techniques developed for the control of cultural heritage microbial deterioration presenting noteworthy case studies. These techniques include chemical methods, i.e., traditional biocides and nanoparticles; physical methods, such as mechanical removal, UV irradiation, gamma radiation, laser cleaning, heat shocking, microwaves, and dry ice treatment; and biological methods, such as natural molecules with biocidal activity, enzymes, and microorganisms. The application of control systems requires the comprehension of their behavior toward the unwanted microorganisms and possible interactions with the heritage materials. This overview shows also the control methods drawbacks for the purpose of creating awareness in selecting the most suitable technique or combination of techniques.

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Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

2020

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“…Suspensions of conidia were prepared from A. flavus-containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates grown for eight days by rubbing the sporulating surface with a bent needle. After filtering through a 60 µm mesh sieve to remove debris, sterile distilled water was added to the suspension to reach a concentration of 10 7 conidia/mL [38,39], based upon cell counts using a hemacytometer.…”

Section: Aspergillus Flavus Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction between Tribolium castaneum and Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Maize Flour

Duarte

Magro

Tomás

et al. 2021

Insects

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Tribolium castaneum is one of the most common insect pests of stored products. Its presence makes cereals more susceptible to the spread of the fungi Aspergillus flavus, which may produce mycotoxins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of T. castaneum adults on the development of a mycotoxigenic A. flavus strain in maize flour as well as the influence of this fungus on the insects. Maize flour was exposed to T. castaneum, spores of A. flavus or to both. The results revealed an interaction between T. castaneum and A. flavus as the flour exposed to both organisms was totally colonized by the fungus whereas almost all the insects were killed. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) revealed a significantly higher concentration in the flour inoculated with both organisms (18.8 µg/kg), being lower when exposed only to A. flavus, suggesting that the presence of insects may trigger fungal development and enhance mycotoxin production. The ability of these organisms to thrive under the same conditions and the chemical compounds they release makes the interaction between them a subject of great importance to maintain the safety of stored maize. This is the first work evaluating the interaction between T. castaneum and A. flavus mycotoxin production.

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“…Besides the measures that attempt to fix the physical environment, NPs such as silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs have been widely applied to prevent mold contamination on paper, stone, paintings and wooden materials as stressors during the last decade because of their abilities to interact with DNA and proteins and pass through the cell membrane as well as their low cytotoxicity (Gaylarde et al 2011; Franco Castillo et al 2019). Different mechanisms have been proposed for these NPs.…”

Section: Currently Adopted Mold Control Measures and Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in paper conservation, NPs are particularly of interest due to their ability to effectively cover the paper and penetrate into the cellulose fibre network to neutralize acids, acting to protect paper from cellulose hydrolysis. Franco Castillo et al (2019) have demonstrated the feasibility of using MgO NPs as colourless, low cost and effective anti‐mold materials to prevent fungal contamination on 18th‐century paper.…”

Section: Currently Adopted Mold Control Measures and Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some metal NPs, for example, Ag NPs, are toxic to cells of higher animals and can disrupt the ecological balance in nature (Franco Castillo et al 2019). Photocatalytic TiO 2 loses its effectiveness under limited UV light conditions since indoor natural light is proven not able to induce the photoreaction of TiO 2 for mold inhibition (Chen et al 2009).…”

Section: Currently Adopted Mold Control Measures and Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current challenges for shaping the sustainable and mold-free hygienic indoor environment in humid regions

2020

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Significance and Impact of the Study: People spend most of their time indoors and hence the presence of indoor mold contamination can compromise the occupants' health. With the wake of climate change which is expected to see an increase in RH and temperature, tropical and subtropical areas are even more prone to mold contamination than they used to be. This study may help facilitate the development of sustainable and effective mold control strategies in the indoor environment. AbstractIndoor mold grows ubiquitously in humid areas and can affect occupants' health. To prevent indoor mold contamination, one of the key measures suggested by the World Health Organisation and United States Environmental Protection Agency is to maintain an indoor relative humidity (RH) level below 75% or at 30-60%, respectively. However, in tropical and subtropical areas, maintaining these suggested RH levels is equivalent to operating a 24-h airconditioner (AC) or dehumidifier, which is energy-consuming. As a large part of building expense, the operation time of ACs has been regularly proposed to be cut down because of the requirement of building sustainability. This leads to a trade-off between sustainable building performance and indoor mold hygiene. To balance this trade-off, more sustainable alternatives, such as those that target physical environments (e.g. nutrient and temperature level) or apply new surface coating technologies to inhibit mold growth, have been launched. Despite these initiatives, indoor mold contamination remains an unresolved issue, mainly because these alternative measures only exhibit limited effectiveness or require extra effort. This review aims to summarize the currently adopted mold control measures and discuss their limitations as well as the direction for the future development of sustainable mold control strategies.

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Preventing fungal growth on heritage paper with antifungal and cellulase inhibiting magnesium oxide nanoparticles

Abstract: Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) as a colourless antifungal treatment with anti-cellulase activity to prevent biodeterioration of paper-based heritage objects.

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

The Interaction between Tribolium castaneum and Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Maize Flour

Current challenges for shaping the sustainable and mold-free hygienic indoor environment in humid regions

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