Preventing childhood unintentional injuries--what works? A literature review.

Dowswell, Therese; Towner, Elizabeth; Simpson, Grahame; Jarvis, Suzanne

doi:10.1136/ip.2.2.140

Cited by 128 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Past studies of child and youth injury indicate links between socio-economic indicators and injury risk. This suggests increased risk of injury among youth who live in socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods (Matheny, 1997;Valsiner and Lightfoot, 1987;Dowswell et al, 1996;Faelker et al, 2000). Various census variables and data that reflect social and economic characteristics of the areas in which children and youth live have been previously analysed to quantify associations between injury and socio-economic factors (Dougherty et al, 1990;Joly et al, 1991;Roberts et al, 1992;Faelker et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Bayesian Ecological Regression Model With Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

MacNab¹

2002

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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In this article, recently developed Bayesian spatial and ecological regression models are applied to analyse small-area variation in accident and injury. This study serves to demonstrate how Bayesian modelling techniques can be implemented to assess potential risk factors measured at group (e.g. area) level. Presented here is a unified modelling framework that enables thorough investigations into associations between injury rates and regional characteristics, residual variation and spatial autocorrelation. Using hospital separation data for 83 local health areas in British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 1990-1999, we explore and examine ecological/contextual determinants of motor vehicle accident injury (MVAI) among male children and youth aged 0-24 and for those of six age groups (<1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24). Eighteen local health area characteristics are studied. They include a broad spectrum of socio-economic indicators, residential environment indicators (roads and parks), medical services availability and utilisation, population health, proportion of recent immigrants, crime rates, rates of speeding charge and rates of seatbelt violation. Our study indicates a large regional variation in MVAI in males aged 0-24 in British Columbia, Canada, in 1990, and that adjusting for appropriate risk factors eliminates nearly all the variation observed. Socio-economic influence on MVAI was profoundly apparent in young males of all ages with the injury being more common in communities of lower socio-economic status. High adult male crime rates were significantly associated with high injury rates of boys aged 1-14. Seatbelt violations and excess speeding charges were found to be positively associated with the injury rates of young men aged 20-24. This and similar ecological studies shed light on reasons for regional variations in accident occurrence as well as in the resulting injuries and hospital utilisation. Thereby they are potentially useful in identifying priority areas for injury/accident prevention and in informing regional health planning and policy development.

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Section: The Bayesian Ecological Regression Model With Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

MacNab¹

2002

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…No nível da vizinhança ou bairro, os principais fatores implicados com o risco aumentado de injúrias são: pobreza, baixo nível educacional e ambiente social caracterizado por privação material [89][90][91][92][93] . É interessante notar que a relação entre nível socioeconômico e injúrias com desfecho de morte é mais consistente do que com os casos não-fatais94.…”

Section: O Microambiente: Fatores Interpessoaisunclassified

“…Se, por um lado, têm havido grandes progressos na proteção de ocupantes de veículos por meio da aplicação efetiva de leis que obrigam ao uso de dispositivos restritivos, como assentos infantis e cintos de segurança 89,103 , o mesmo não ocorre com a segurança do pedestre, particularmente em sociedades com desenvolvimento menos ordenado [104][105][106] . Alguns estudos descrevem uma diminuição gradativa na mortalidade de crianças pedestres, mas os expertos atribuem esse achado mais à redução do número de crianças andando nas ruas, por outras questões sociais como a violência , do que por estratégias de controle do atropelamento 54,104 .…”

Section: O Microambiente: Fatores Interpessoaisunclassified

Injury control from the perspective of contextual pediatrics

Blank¹

2005

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Como citar este artigo: Blank D. Controle de injúrias sob a ótica da pediatria contextual. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(5 Supl):S123-S136. AbstractObjective: To describe the relationship between injury control and contextual pediatrics.Sources of data: Quasi-systematic review of MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS databases, using combinations of the words contextual, community, injury, accident and violence; and non-systematic review of book chapters and classic articles.Summary of the findings: Safety depends on the interaction of family habits, cultural patterns and surroundings. Contextual pediatrics sees the child, the family, and the community as a continuum; health diagnosis (sequential observation of problems and assets) is one of its cornerstones. Changing intrapersonal factors for injuries requires the use of both passive and active strategies. Family and cultural risk factors for injury: home overcrowding, moving, poverty, and young, illiterate and unemployed parents. The main neighborhood factors: material deprivation and traffic. Cultural factors: illiteracy, unsafe products, lack of mass transportation, handguns, workplaces without safety rules, faulty community organization, lack of communication between social sectors, inadequate legislation, low priority for safety among government actions, lack of economic resources, and low academic commitment with the field of safety. Conclusions:The pediatricians roles include strengthening of the longitudinal relationship with families, integrated interdisciplinary work, constructive intervention, partnership with community, counseling on injury risks pertaining to each developmental stage, by using lists with explicit processes and contents, and by handing out written materials. Active advocacy for safety promotion in different environments, besides the clinical setting.

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“…Parents and caregivers in many developed countries are educated and are conscious in making childproof houses, taking preventive measures for a safe home and play environment for children 10 and installing readymade safety devices for child proofing homes 11 . Sri Lankan communities do not focus much on making child proof houses and usage of safety devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health promotion approach to reduce unintentional home injuries of young children in rural villages in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka

Ihalahewage

Fernando

Weliange

2018

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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Background: South East Asian region reports a higher risk for deaths from injuries and in Sri Lanka 16% child mortality is due to injuries. Objectives:To describe the types and extent of unintentional home injuries among children below 5 years of age, to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and current practices of primary caregivers on reducing unintentional home injuries in two villages and to assess the effectiveness of a health promotion approach in rural villages in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka.Method: A quasi experimental study was carried by selecting 2 rural villages. Baseline measures were gathered in experimental and control areas using a questionnaire, a history record index and a practice checklist. A health promotion intervention was administered in the experimental study area. The intervention was developed consulting the community and targeted identifying determinants of unintentional home injuries and improving knowledge, changing attitudes, obtaining family support and improving skills on identifying risks for home injuries. The health promotion intervention was delivered through lectures and activities. Post evaluation assessment was on change in practices which was the primary outcome, and the change in knowledge and attitudes were secondary outcomes.Results: Injury prevalence was 31% (CI 20.5-43.1), burns (36.4%) being the most common. The difference between pre and post scores of mean practice was significantly higher (p=0.001) in the intervention group which showed knowledge improvement and a positive change in attitudes. Conclusions:Nearly one third of caregivers reported a home injury and the health promotion _________________________________________

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Preventing childhood unintentional injuries--what works? A literature review.

Cited by 128 publications

References 105 publications

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

Injury control from the perspective of contextual pediatrics

Health promotion approach to reduce unintentional home injuries of young children in rural villages in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka

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