Preventing Cell-to-Cell Propagation of Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Srinivasan, R.; Thomas, Michael E.; Airola, Marc B.; Carkhuff, Bliss G.; Frizzell-Makowski, L. J.; Alkandry, Hicham; Reuster, James G.; Oğuz, Hasan N.; Green, P. W.; Favors, J. La; Currano, Luke J.; Demirev, Plamen A.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab6ff0

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(47 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Understanding the physicochemical processes in Li-ion cells provides better perspective on failures in Li-ion batteries, including deflagration and other heat-induced failures. 54,55 Deficiencies in BMS designs applied to current Li-ion technology can be traced back to designs for batteries containing nonflammable components, e.g., aqueous electrolytes. 56,57 Most aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery systems do not require specialized BMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

Srinivasan

Demirev

Carkhuff

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approaches for thermal management of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries do not always keep pace with advances in energy storage and power delivering capabilities. Root-cause analysis and empirical evidence indicate that thermal runaway (TR) in cells and cell-tocell thermal propagation are due to adverse changes in physical and chemical characteristics internal to the cell. However, industry widely uses battery management systems (BMS) originally designed for aqueous-based batteries to manage Li-ion batteries. Even the "best" BMS that monitor both voltage and outside-surface temperature of each cell are not capable of preventing TR or TR propagation, because voltage and surface-mounted temperature sensors do not track fast-emerging adverse events inside a cell. Most BMS typically include a few thermistors mounted on select cells to monitor their surface temperature. Technology to track intra-cell changes that are TR precursors is becoming available. Simultaneously, the complex pathways resulting in cell-to-cell TR propagation are being successfully modelled and mapped. Innovative solutions to prevent TR and thermal propagation are being advanced. These include modern BMS for rapid monitoring the internal health of each individual cell and physical as well as chemical methods to reduce the deleterious effects of rapid cell-to-cell heat and material transport in case of TR.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

Srinivasan

Demirev

Carkhuff

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…27 Cell design also dictates the manner in which venting of gaseous products occurs during exothermic or parasitic reactions. 38 The mechanical strength of the casing materials is strongly correlated to the likelihood of shorts forming due to external stress or point loads. Electric X-planes like the NASA Maxwell X-57 have used commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) cylindrical cells due to their superior safety characteristics such as stipulated venting mechanisms and greater strength of the casing materials.…”

Section: Battery Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of safety considerations for batteries in aircraft with electric propulsion

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern aircraft designs for “more electric” and “fully electric” aircraft have large battery packs ranging from tens of kWh for urban aviation to hundreds or thousands of kWh for commercial aviation. Such large battery packs require careful consideration of the safety concerns unique to aviation. The most pertinent safety concerns related to batteries can be categorized into two broad areas: exothermic heat related events (thermal issues) and partial or complete loss of safety–critical power supply (functional issues). Degradation during operation of a battery can contribute to capacity fade, increased internal resistance, power fade, and internal short circuits, which lead to the loss of or decrease in propulsive power. When batteries are the primary source of onboard power and energy, it is crucial to be able to estimate their state-of-health in terms of capacity and power capability. Internal short circuits and other sources of excessive heat generation can lead to high temperatures within the cells of a battery pack leading to safety concerns and thermal events. One of the biggest risk factors for batteries used in aviation is the potential for thermal runaway where temperatures reach the flashpoint of one of the cell components, eventually cascading over multiple cells leading to system-wide battery pack failure and a fire hazard. This article reviews the current understanding of the safety concerns related to batteries in the context of urban and regional electric aviation.

show abstract

“…Recent research findings indicate that the non-monotonic consumption of energy from Li-ion batteries result in a higher heat generation owing to the high discharging rate in the EESS [11]. If the generated heat increases the temperature from 80 °C to 125 °C, thermal runaway will occur [12]. Various power management strategies for the hybrid energy storage system are proposed and compared [13] to protect the primary power source from sudden high-power load transients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Supercapacitor for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Lightweight Electric Vehicles: Simulation and Experiments

Mali

Tripathi

2022

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent research findings indicate that the nonmonotonic consumption of energy from lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries results in a higher heat generation in electrical energy storage systems. During peak demands, a higher heat generation due to high discharging current increases the temperature from 80 °C to 120 °C, thereby resulting in thermal runaway. To address peak demands, an additional electrical energy storage component, namely supercapacitor (SC), is being investigated by various research groups. This paper provides insights into the capability of SCs in lightweight electric vehicles (EVs) to address peak demands using the worldwide harmonized light-duty driving test cycle (WLTC) driving profile in MATLAB/Simulink at different ambient temperatures. Simulation results indicate that temperature imposes a more prominent effect on Li-ion batteries compared with SCs under peak demand conditions. The effect of the discharging rate limit on the Li-ion battery current is studied. The result shows that SCs can accommodate the peak demands for a low discharging current limit on the battery, thereby reducing heat generation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are performed on SCs to analyze their thermal performance at different temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 75 °C under different bias values of -0.6, 0, 0.6, and 1 V，respectively. The results indicate a higher specific capacitance of the SC at an optimum operation temperature of 25 °C for the studied bias. This study shows that the hybrid combination of the Li-ion battery and SC for a lightweight EV can address peak demands by reducing thermal stress on the Li-ion battery and increasing the driving range.

show abstract

Preventing Cell-to-Cell Propagation of Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 49 publications

References 22 publications

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

A review of safety considerations for batteries in aircraft with electric propulsion

Thermal Stability of Supercapacitor for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Lightweight Electric Vehicles: Simulation and Experiments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About