Preventing Abuse and Trauma to Internally Displaced Children Living in Camps Due to Disasters in Pakistan

Asad, Nargis; Karmaliani, Rozina; Somani, Rozina; Hirani, Shela Akbar Ali; Pasha, Aneeta; Hirani, Saima; Cassum, Laila Akber; McFarlane, Judith

doi:10.1080/13575279.2013.785936

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They seek better economic prospects through migration to bigger urbanized cities. These subgroups of populations generally exhibit low socio-economic profile.Such conflict affected families may be more prone to health related disparities [ 32 , 33 ]. However, on the other side, various governmental and non-governmental programs have introduced maternal and child health interventions targeting reproductive health of Pakistani women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Disparities in Use of Family Planning Methods among Pakistani Women: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSeveral developing countries like Pakistan step into Sustainable Development Goals period with crucial maternal and child health needs that need to be addressed for improving health outcomes among people. We aim to explore existent socio-economic disparities in use of family planning methods (FPM) among Pakistani women, and compare any such inequalities between the years 2006 and 2013.SettingPakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 2006–7 (n = 9177) and the most recent 2012–13(n = 13558) data were used to conduct secondary analysis. Participants were ever married women aged between 15 and 49 years. Socio-economic status was assessed by the education level and wealth index. Inequalities were measured through Odds Ratio (OR), Relative Index of inequality (RII), and Slope index of inequality (SII) on non-use of FPM.ResultsAlthough the prevalence of FPM use has increased over time (28% in 2006 versus 54% in 2013), the socio-economic inequalities persistently exist. Comparing results of PDHS 2006 with PDHS 2013, education related absolute inequalities among urban dwellers increased from -0.41 (95% CI -0.67, -0.13, p-value < 0.01) to -0.83 (95% CI -1.02, -0.63, p-value < 0.01); and increased from -0.93 (95% CI -1.21, -0.64, p-value < 0.01) to -0.98 (95% CI -1.20, -0.76, p-value < 0.01) among rural dwellers. Similarly wealth related absolute inequalities are also existent.ConclusionsAlthough the FPM use has increased over time, but it is important to note that socio-economic gap in use of FPM persists. Such differences have disadvantaged the poor and the illiterate. Family planning programs may target the disadvantaged subgroups for ensuring well-being of women and children in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Disparities in Use of Family Planning Methods among Pakistani Women: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys

et al. 2016

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“…It is essential to provide a safe and clean space for breastfeeding mothers (Hirani, ). Additionally, a secure space for women and children at the relief camps or temporary resettlement homes is needed to prevent the incidences of physical harm, sexual abuse, and exploitation (Asad et al., ). Providing child‐friendly spaces where children can be supervised, be made aware of safety measures, be provided opportunity to socialize and play, and share their feelings can promote coping, resilience, and improved mental health (Davie, Stuart, Williams, & Erwin, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of psychosocial supportive measures is essential to rehabilitate mothers and children. The role of community and school‐based cognitive behavioral therapy psychological counseling, regular follow‐ups, restoration of social networks, and provision of culturally sensitive psychological care is crucial in enabling displaced women and children to recover (Asad et al., ; Tol et al., ; Tyrer & Fazel, ). As a psychological intervention, use of creative arts and play therapy has been reported to be useful to promote hope, release fear, and overcome psychological distress among displaced children (Baggerly & Green, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Child Health During Forced Displacement

Hirani

Richter

2019

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose To discuss the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health, highlight the major pitfalls in delivering humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, and underscore the need for multilayered interventions to improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities during forced displacements. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken from databases including Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest. No restrictions were placed on geographical region, type, and year of publication. The key words used were displacement, children, women, health, challenges, disaster response, emergency medicine, terrorism, maladjustment, morbidity, disaster response, cultural sensitivity, and interventions. Conclusions Forced displacement negatively affects maternal and child health. The key challenges during forced displacement include food insecurity, lack of shelter, unavailability of clean water and sanitation, poor infrastructure of healthcare services, unavailability of birth attendants and healthcare professionals to manage medical emergencies, inaccessibility to educational and training facilities, and lack of cultural sensitivity of humanitarian workers. The ultimate outcome of forced displacement is a sudden rise in maternal and child mortality and morbidity, maladjustment, psychological issues, altered familial roles, displaced parenting, and vulnerability to exploitation. In view of Bronfenbrenner's socio‐ecological framework, multilayered interventions are proposed to improve maternal and child health during forced displacements. Clinical Relevance In view of the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health and considering the major pitfalls in the delivery of humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, the proposed multilayered interventions can improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities surrounding maternal and child health during forced displacements.

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“…In this study, the critical ethnographic study design provided an opportunity to uncover and critically examine the range of sociocultural factors (facilitators and barriers) that shape the breastfeeding experiences and practices of the vulnerable group of internally displaced mothers residing in the disaster relief camps of Pakistan. In Pakistani society, where internally displaced women are often exposed to gender-based violence, oppression, food insecurity, and health inequalities ( Asad et al, 2013 ; Carballo et al, 2005 ; Nour, 2011 ), critical ethnography was viewed as suitable to establish a meaningful dialogue with the marginalized group of internally displaced mothers and learn about sociocultural factors that are directly and indirectly affecting their breastfeeding practices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociocultural Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Practices of Mothers During Natural Disasters: A Critical Ethnography in Rural Pakistan

Hirani

Richter

Salami

et al. 2023

Global Qualitative Nursing Research

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Natural disasters affect the health and well-being of mothers with young children. During natural disasters, this population is at risk of discontinuation of their breastfeeding practices. Pakistan is a middle-income country that is susceptible to natural disasters. This study intended to examine sociocultural factors that shape the breastfeeding experiences and practices of internally displaced mothers in Pakistan. This critical ethnographic study was undertaken in disaster-affected villages of Chitral, Pakistan. Data were collected utilizing multiple methods, including in-depth interviews with 18 internally displaced mothers and field observations. Multiple sociocultural factors were identified as either barriers or facilitators to these mothers’ capacities to breastfeed their children. Informal support, formal support, breastfeeding culture, and spiritual practices facilitated displaced mothers to sustain their breastfeeding practices. On the other hand, lack of privacy, cultural beliefs, practices and expectations, covert oppression, and lack of healthcare support served as barriers to the breastfeeding practices of displaced mothers.

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Preventing Abuse and Trauma to Internally Displaced Children Living in Camps Due to Disasters in Pakistan

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Socio-Economic Disparities in Use of Family Planning Methods among Pakistani Women: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys

Socio-Economic Disparities in Use of Family Planning Methods among Pakistani Women: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys

Maternal and Child Health During Forced Displacement

Sociocultural Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Practices of Mothers During Natural Disasters: A Critical Ethnography in Rural Pakistan

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