Preventative Effects of 4,4'‐Diphenylmethane‐bis(methyl) Carbamate Isolated from Cortex Mori on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products

Abstract

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been regarded as an initial motivating factor in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic complications. 4,4'-Diphenylmethane-bis(methyl) carbamate (DMPC), a carbamate compound, was isolated from Cortex Mori and its prevention effects against AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction were studied. 4,4'-Diphenylmethane-bis(methyl) carbamate significantly reduced cell apoptosis to normal level at 10⁻⁹ mol/L concentration. Advanced glycation end-products up-regulated the expression of Bad and Bax and down-regulated Bcl-2 proteins, and pretreatment with DMPC significantly down-regulated Bad and Bax while up-regulating Bcl-2 expressions. In addition, ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-1 and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 expressions in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) were significantly enhanced by AGEs. More importantly, these increases of ICAM-1 and TGF-β1 expressions were reduced meaningfully with the pretreatment of DMPC. All the results showed DMPC had prevention effects against the progression of AGE-induced endothelial dysfunction, and this compound might be a promising agent against endothelial dysfunction in diabetic vascular complications.

Screening of Potential Microalgae Species From Different Natural Environment for Biodiesel Production

“…The growth condition of all the above selected strains were studied in three different medium (BBM, BG-11 and TAP) and the micronutrients necessary for the stimulation of the growth in the media are tabulated. Like other microorganisms, microalgae growth can undergo four growth phases: lag, exponential, stationary, and lysis [13]. The microalgal growth curves obtained in this research illustrate all four characteristic growth phases in a batch culture of microalgae.…”

“…shows the reaction condition with that of n-hexane to methanol ratio 1:2, solvent dosage 5.0 ml, reaction temperature 90°C, reaction time 2.0 h and catalyst volume 0.5 ml, the conversion yield of the direct transesterification can reach 90.23, 89.25 and 86.65 for Desmodesmus abundans, Desmodesmus armatus and Scendesmus costatogranulatus respectively which produced high lipid content in TAP media. Other reports showed the same conversion yield of 90.02 ± 0.55 wt.% with the reaction condition that n-hexane to 75% ethanol ratio 1:2, solvent dosage 6.0 ml, reaction temperature 90 °C, reaction time 2.0 h and catalyst volume 0.6 ml [13]. Fig-11 shows Conversion yield of methyl esters efficiency among the chosen solvent.…”

“…Qualitative analysis was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography [13] to determine the relative abundance of TAG's and fatty acids. The extracted lipids were dried overnight and were dissolved in 45µl of chloroform: methanol (1:2).…”

Competitive binding between 4,4′-diphenylmethane-bis(methyl) carbamate and RAGE ligand MG-H1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cell by cell membrane chromatography

“…A novel compound, 4,4 -diphenylmethane-bis(methyl) carbamate (CM1, also known as DMPC) can prevent AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction via anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) [12]. Previously, our results demonstrated that CM1 could attenuate AGEs, HMGB1 and S100B-induced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress response on HUVEC (in press).…”

“…It has been shown that CM1 attenuates the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and transforming growth factor-␤1 (TGF-␤1) expressions in HUVEC CM1 also decreased AGEs-induced apoptosis and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines [12]. AGEs exert effects both directly through the formation of protein cross-links that alter the structure and function of extracellular matrix (ECM) and by interacting with specific cell surface receptors [18].…”