Chemical Constituents of the Seed Cake of Camellia oleifera and Their Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Activities

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the exploitation of agricultural byproducts. This study explored the potential beneficial health effects from the main biowaste, tea seed pomace of Camellia oleifera Abel (Theaceae), produced when tea seed is processed. Eighteen compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of the seed cake of C. oleifera. Their structures were determined by ESI-MS, H- and C-NMR together with literature data. All fractions and compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant and melanogenesis inhibitory activities. As the result, AcOEt fraction has the best in vitro antioxidant and antimelanogenesis activities, compounds 7 - 12 and 15 showed remarkable antioxidant activity, compounds 4, 6, 8, and 15 - 17 exhibited superior inhibitory activities against melanogenesis. Furthermore, tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay suggested that compound 8 could suppress melanogenesis by inhibiting the expression of tyrosinase.

A Review on the Biological Activity of Camellia Species

“…Defatted seeds were also investigated in a study which compared the proficiency of isopropanol and butanol as extraction solvents being the best results obtained with isopropanol [ 42 ]. Several authors have demonstrated the antioxidant potential of seed cake components, namely of isolated kaempferol glycosides [ 43 ], saponins [ 44 ], ad purified polysaccharides [ 45 , 46 ] and pomace [ 47 ]. Zhu and colleagues compared the impact of two extraction methods (mechanochemical-assisted extraction-MCAE and with heat reflux-HRE) on the DPPH scavenging activity and in the ferric thiocyanate assay of kaempferol glycosides and concluded that the former method led to a better performance [ 43 ].…”

“…Zhu and colleagues compared the impact of two extraction methods (mechanochemical-assisted extraction-MCAE and with heat reflux-HRE) on the DPPH scavenging activity and in the ferric thiocyanate assay of kaempferol glycosides and concluded that the former method led to a better performance [ 43 ]. Other studies also concluded that the experimental conditions [ 44 ], the extraction method [ 46 ] and the solvents [ 47 ] all impact the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Indeed, the antioxidant activity of a seed cake saponin seems to be pH dependent (pH = 9.0 being the optimal value) and temperature independent [ 44 ].…”

Olive Mill Wastewater Valorization in Multifunctional Biopolymer Composites for Antibacterial Packaging Application

“…High-added-value compounds, such as pectin and polyphenols, can be recovered from agro-wastes and reused as food ingredients, cosmetics, or even in pharmaceutical preparation [1,2]. Many recent studies have been devoted to the valorization of agro-food by-products in order to address sustainable and environmental requirements [3,4,5]. However, the recovery of target components from waste implies the use of downstream and purification processes which are time consuming and costly as well as not environmentally friendly due to the use of huge amounts of water.…”

Cytotoxic endophyte from Camellia oleifera Abel - Penicillium chermesinum NR121310

“…Among these compounds 82–84% are unsaturated fatty acids (Ma et al 2011 ), while other reported compounds are sesamin, saponin and 2,5-bis-benzo[1,3]dioxol −5-yl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]-dioxine (Lee and Yen 2006 ). Moreover, the saponin derivatives found in seed and seed cake of C.oleifera Abel showed interesting biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities (Zhang et al 2012 ; Zhang et al 2014 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ). From previous studies, C.oleifera Abel is a good source of bioactive agents.…”