Prevalência de manifestações bucais em crianças infectadas pelo HIV: uma revisão da literatura

Lima, Marcela Carraro Bina Fonyat de; Silva, Arley; Torres, Sandra Regina

doi:10.18363/rbo.v74n3.p.240

Cited by 2 publications

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“…These changes acquire more clinical importance after the use of broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs and, more recently, with the growth of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. [9,10] Oral candidiasis is related to the infection restricted to buccal and peribuccal cavity tissues (primary oral candidiasis) and oral infection resulting from chronic mucocutaneous disease (secondary oral candidiasis). Primary candidiasis can be subdivided into: acute atrophic pseudomembranous, chronic multifocal, hyperplastic, angular and chronic atrophic chelitis or stomatitis caused by dental prostheses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis Prevalence in HIV Patients in the City of Nova Iguaçu, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Miguel¹,

Ribeiro²,

Goulart³

et al. 2018

AIMDR

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a pandemic disease which causes a change in the immune system, mainly with a decrease in CD4 lymphocytes. This circumstance facilitates the appearance of opportunistic infections and the development of neoplastic processes that may lead the patient to a clinical state known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and death. The objective of this research is to identify species of the genus Candida of patients with AIDS and affected by lesions in the oral cavity and hospitalized in the Nova Iguaçu General Hospital. Methods: 39 samples of oral lesions were collected and examined in the mycology laboratory of the Army Biology Institute (IBEx) through mycological procedures. All of the 39 samples were positive for species of the genus Candida. Results: C. albicans was the most frequent (74%), followed by C. tropicalis (15%), C. glabrata (8%) and C. lambica (3%). The most frequent clinical presentation was the pseudomembranous form, with 24 cases (61.54%), followed by erythematous (25.64%) and chronic multifocal form (12.82%). One of the patients presented the membranous clinical form with association of C. albicans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Oral candidiasis is one of the most serious health problems among immunocompromised people. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of the HIV infection and adequate treatment are essential to prevent opportunistic infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis Prevalence in HIV Patients in the City of Nova Iguaçu, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Miguel¹,

Ribeiro²,

Goulart³

et al. 2018

AIMDR

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The burden of oral conditions among adolescents living with HIV at a clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThere are inconsistent reports on the prevalence of oral conditions and their associated factors among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). The current inconsistencies may hinder the development of clear guidelines on the prevention and treatment of oral conditions among ALHIV. This study provides an update on oral conditions and their associated factors in a cohort of South African ALHIV and receiving routine HIV treatment services at a Johannesburg HIV wellness clinic.MethodsDecayed Teeth (DT), Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Oral HIV/AIDS Research Alliance case definitions were used for caries examination and reporting of the Oral Mucosal Lesions (OML) respectively. Data analyses were stratified by the study main outcomes; chi-squared tests were performed to determine the associations; and multiple logistic regressions were also used to identify associated factors after adjusting for other exposure variables. In addition to fitting logistic regressions, we explored the data for potential confounders and effect modifiers.ResultsA total of 407 ALHIV were assessed, of which 51.0% were females. The mean age of the ALHIV was 14.75 years (SD 2.43) while the median age of their parents was 43 years (IQR 37–48 years). Regardless of sex, age group and other socio-demographic characteristics, participants had high count of dental caries (DMFT>0). The overall prevalence of dental caries was 56.76% (n = 231) with mean DT score of 2.0 (SD 2.48) and mean DMFT score of 2.65 (SD 3.01). Dental caries prevalence (DT>0) was significantly associated with the HIV clinical markers. HIV RNA viral loads more than 1000 copies/ml and CD4 cell counts less than 200 count cells/mm3, increased the likelihood of having dental decay among ALHIV (p<0.05). ALHIV at WHO staging III, IV had higher caries prevalence ranging from 70% to 75% (p<0.05). The prevalence of dental caries was directly related to the presence of oral mucosal lesions (p<0.05). The prevalence of OML was 22%, with linear gingival erythema (13.8%) accounting for most of the OML. Multiple logistic regression modelling suggested that dental caries experience (DMFT>0), age category 13–15 years, WHO staging of IV and viral load of more than 1000 copies/ml significantly predicted the outcome of oral lesions as assessed using the OHARA case definitions (p<0.05). The odds of developing dental caries was also 1.5 times more among ALHIV who brush their teeth less frequently and those who reported more frequent eating of sugar sweetened diets (p<0.05).ConclusionsThere is high prevalence of dental caries and OML among ALHIV in Johannesburg. The reported prevalence was associated with high HIV RNA viral loads, shorter duration on antiretroviral treatment and high WHO staging of HIV disease on crude analysis. Additionally, caries experience contributed to the prevalence of OML. Our study acknowledges the protective effect of HIV treatment and positive oral health practices on the presence of oral conditions among ALHIV in Johannesburg.

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Prevalência de manifestações bucais em crianças infectadas pelo HIV: uma revisão da literatura

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Oral Candidiasis Prevalence in HIV Patients in the City of Nova Iguaçu, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Oral Candidiasis Prevalence in HIV Patients in the City of Nova Iguaçu, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The burden of oral conditions among adolescents living with HIV at a clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

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