This paper describes patterns of infestation with

Schistosoma haematobium is present in about 53 African countries and in the Middle East, with the helminth showing high endemicity in these regions (CEGET-CNRSAtlas-WHO/1987, home page-WHO). Urinary schistosomiasis is an infectious disease of marked epidemiological importance for both natives and tourists exposed to the helminth in endemic regions.Treatment of urinary schistosomiasis has shown great advances with the introduction of praziquantel into the therapeutic arsenal (Bormann et al. 2001, De Clerq et al. 2002. Advantages of this drug include its easy administration (40 mg/kg body weight, a single dose by the oral route), low toxicity, and low intensity of side effects (McMahon 1983, Pugh & Teesdale 1983, Kahama et al. 1999, Rey 2001. These important factors have contributed to the tolerance with and easy application of individualized and mass treatments (Stephenson et al. 1989, King et al. 1992. Nevertheless, failure of praziquantel treatment of various proportions has been reported (Herwaldt et al. 1995, Liang et al. 2000. So, it is necessary to be sure about the + Corresponding author. E-mail: silva.iran@ig.com.br PATIENTS AND METHODSThree 24-h urine samples were collected from 26 patients at minimum intervals of one week. The patients were Brazilian military men who were part of the United Nation peace mission in Mozambique in 1994, age between 26 and 55 years old, median age of 29 years. The principal condition was the report of exposure in Licungo river and signals and symptoms affecting the genitourinary tract after exposure.Helminth eggs were recovered by spontaneous sedimentation and subsequent centrifugation of the urine sample. The total urine volume was transferred to glass chalices and left to stand for 24 h. After this period, 10 ml of the initial sediment was removed with a glass pipette held close to the bottom of the chalice and centrifuged at 3500 r.p.m. for 5 min. One-hundred microliters of the centrifuged material was removed with a glass pipette held close to the bottom of the tube, mounted on a slide, coverslipped, and observed under a microscope at magnifications of 100× and 400×. For endoscopic examination, an Olympus model 19 CH cystoscope with a 30 o eyepiece was used. 446 446 446 446 Schistosoma haematobium in Brazilians • • • • • Iran Mendonça da Silva et al.After the positive diagnosis, the patients were treated with 40 mg/kg body weight praziquantel administered in a single dose. Three other 24-h urine exams were repeated at 7-day intervals by the same technique, after a minimum period of 21 days after treatment. Treatment was repeated under medical supervision to ensure the correct use of the drug. In the case of suspicion of lesions, all individuals were submitted to cystoscopy followed by biopsy and histopathological examination at 6-month intervals, after each treatment or retreatment, under the same conditions as used for the initial diagnosis. The urine examination, with the same technique, was repeated after each cistoscopy.In the case of evidence of vesical involveme...

Em 1977 foi diagnosticado o primeiro caso autóctone de leishmaniose visceral (LV) humano no Município do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de 1980, foram diagnosticados 54 casos autóctones em diversas localidades, sendo que desde 1993 ocorreram 17 casos humanos autóctones notificados. Oito deles ocorreram no bairro de Barra de Guaratiba e o restante distribuído pelos bairros: Camorim, Colônia, Grota Funda, Grumari, Ilha de Guaratiba e Carapiá. Entre setembro de 1996 a dezembro de 1999, foram realizadas capturas de flebotomíneos em 18 localidades nas encostas do maciço da Pedra Branca, no município, e coletados 18.303 espécimes com predomínio de L. intermedia (87,33%), L. migonei (6,59%), L. longipalpis (3,10%) e L. firmatoi (1,90%). A espécie L. longipalpis predominou em Barra de Guaratiba (46,80%), permanecendo ausente nas outras seis localidades onde também ocorreram casos de LV, o que sugere a participação de outras espécies tais como L. migonei e L. firmatoi, pertencentes ao mesmo grupo parafilético da espécie vetora, na cadeia de transmissão da LV na região.

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SUMMARYThe assessment of urinary schistosomiasis in individuals coming from endemic areas often requires diagnostic resources not used in areas of exposure in order to determine complications or to establish more precise criteria of cure. Cystoscopy and 24-hour urine examination were performed, after treatments with praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight, single dose, on 25 Brazilian military men who were part of a United Nations peace mission to Mozambique in 1994. The median age of the individuals was 29 years and all presented a positive urine parasitological exam. The alterations detected by cystoscopy were hyperemia and granulomas in the vesical submucosa in 59.1% of the individuals and only granulomas in 40.9%. A vesical biopsy revealed granulomas in all patients and viable eggs in 77.3% even after a period during which the patients no longer excreted eggs in urine. Cystoscopy after treatment, followed by biopsy and histopathological evaluation, performed in areas where the evolution of the disease can be better monitored, was found to be a safe criterion of parasitological cure.

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis haematobia or urinary schistosomiasis is one of the main public health problems in Africa and the Middle East. A single dose of 40 mg praziquantel per kg body weight continues to be the treatment of choice for this infection. The aims of this follow-up were to study the post-treatment course of a patient infected with S. haematobium and not submitted to re-exposure, and to identify complications of the disease and/or therapeutic failure after praziquantel treatment by histopathological analysis. Treatments were repeated under medical supervision to ensure the correct use of the drug. In view of the suspicion of lesions in cystoscopy, the patient was submitted to bladder biopsy. The histopathological characteristics observed in biopsies obtained, after each treatment, indicated viability of parasite eggs and activity of granulomas.

Cryptosporidiosis occurrence was determined in HIV+ patient assisted in the Clinic of Infect-parasitic Diseases in a hospital of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period from Juy/1998 to March/1999. In order to research, seventy-five patient, carriers of diarrhea or not, were appraised. The samples of feces were collected and placed in saline solution with formaldehyde (5%). The Modified Ritchie technique was used for the oocysts research, and the smears were stained with Safranine O methylene blue. The results verified 9.33% of positive samples, with higher frequency of cases in patients of the masculine sex from 20 to 50 years old, however without significant difference. Resumo

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