Prevalência de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes portugueses da cidade de Lisboa

Abstract

PALAVRAS-CHAVEHipertensão Arterial; Adolescentes; Fatores de risco ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a prevalência de pré-hipertensão arterial (pré-HTA) e hipertensão arterial (HTA) em adolescentes portugueses da cidade de Lisboa e averiguar a relação da pressão arterial (PA) com os fatores de risco: sexo, obesidade, tabagismo, alcoolismo, prática de exercício físico e história familiar de HTA. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico observacional, descritivo e transversal, numa amostra de conveniência de adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e 19 anos. A informação referente a hábitos comportamentais e história familiar de HTA foi obtida através de um questionário estruturado, autopreenchido. Resultados: Foram incluídos 234 adolescentes, com idade média de 16,4 ± 0,9 anos, 57% do sexo masculino. Registou-se uma prevalência de HTA de 34%, superior no sexo masculino (44 versus 21%, p = 0,001) e uma prevalência de pré-HTA de 12%, superior no sexo feminino (13 versus 10%, p = 0,001). O aumento do índice de massa corporal associou-se de forma significativa a maior prevalência de pré-HTA (categoria normoponderais: 9,40%; excesso de peso: 16,10%; obesidade: 22,70%) e HTA (normoponderais: 30,4%; excesso de peso: 45,2%; obesidade: 45,5%). Na presença de história familiar de HTA, a prevalência de HTA e de pré-HTA foi aproximadamente o dobro (41 versus 28% e 18 versus 9%, respetivamente). A prática regular de exercício físico, os hábitos tabágicos e o consumo alcoólico não revelaram associação estatisticamente significativa com os valores de pressão arterial. Conclusão: A prevalência de pré-HTA e HTA na amostra estudada foi elevada. Dos fatores de risco avaliados, apenas o sexo, a obesidade e a história familiar de HTA se associaram de forma significativa aos valores de PA.

Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among secondary school students

“…Conversely, the prevalence of normotensive was greater among adolescent who were normal weight. A study in Portugal found similar results (Silva et al, 2012) as did several studies which found a connection between BMI and hypertension (Abdul Razzak et al, 2013). When examining BMI across blood pressure levels, the data confirmed the impact of BMI on blood pressure: normotensive prevalence was associated with students of normal weight; pre-hypertensive prevalence was associated with overweight students, and hypertensive prevalence was associated with obesity.…”

“…Although most boys in the study were normotensive, the prevalence of hypertension was higher among boys, and comparable to a study conducted in Portugal (Silva et al, 2012). The reason for girls having low blood pressure compared to boys may be attributed to estrogen and its protective effect on the cardiovascular system, because estrogen causes vasodilatation by modulating the function of vascular endothelial cells (Mendelsohn & Karas, 1999;Alhalaiqa et al 2015).…”

“…There is an emerging increase in the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. In Portugal, among adolescents, 34% had hypertension and 12% pre-hypertension (Silva et al, 2012). In Africa, a prevalence of 5.4% and 17.3% hypertension and pre-hypertension, respectively, was reported in Nigerian adolescents (Ujunwa, Ikefuna, Nwokocha & Chinawa, 2013).…”

“…Hypertension and pre-hypertension have been found to be associated with several predisposing factors. Body Mass Index (BMI) and a family history of hypertension were two factors (Silva et al, 2012). Sundar et al, in 2013, added gender as another major contributing factor, in addition to a low level of awareness regarding hypertension among adolescents aged 13-17 years.…”

Prevalence of Elevated Arterial Pressure and Associated Risk Factors in 10 to 15 Year Old Students from the Municipality of Cajazeiras-PB, Brazil

“…Average values for SBP and DBP were higher for 13-to 15-year old males compared to their younger peers (Table 3). This difference is statistically significant and clinically relevant given that essential hypertension tends to be more frequent among adolescents and young adults [13].…”