Prevalência de baixos níveis de força muscular e fatores associados em adolescentes de uma cidade do sul do Brasil

Abstract

A força muscular é necessária para realização de atividades diárias, sendo considerada marcador de saúde global. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de baixos níveis de força de preensão manual (FPM) em adolescentes e verificar fatores (sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e status de peso) correlatos. A população de escolares da cidade de São José, SC, Brasil, era formada por 5.182 estudantes. Para o presente estudode base escolar e delineamento transversal, 923 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de idade foram avaliados. Analisou-se a FPM por meio de dinamometria manual e protocolo proposto pela Sociedade Canadense de Fisiologia do Exercício cujo ponto de corte para baixos níveis de força é ≤ 53,0 kgf para meninas e ≤ 83,0 kgf para meninos. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram idade, escolaridade paterna e materna, rendafamiliar, atividade física, tabagismo, hábitos alimentares e status de peso. Utilizou-se teste T de Student, U de Mann-Whitney e regressão logística binária para estimar as razões de chances e intervalos de confiança de 95%. A prevalência de baixos níveis de FPM foi de 59,7% nas meninas e 66,3% nos meninos. As meninas que não faziam ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas em excesso e eutróficas, e os meninos cujas mães estudaramaté oito anos e de renda baixa foram os subgrupos com maiores chances de baixos níveis de força de FPM. Esforços para aumentar os níveis de FPM devem ser focados nas meninas com status do peso normal e meninos cujas mães têm menor escolaridade e renda. Futuros inquéritos com delineamento longitudinal devem ser propostos para identificar preditores dos baixos níveis de força muscular em adolescentes.

Report Card Brazil: systematic review of muscle strength assessment in children and adolescents in Brazil

“…The references of included studies were analyzed in order to identify possible information on the theme not verified during the systematic search; however, no additional studies in relation to those previously identified were included. Thus, 13 studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] were included in this review (Figure 1).…”

“…Thirteen studies with cross-sectional design were part of the present review. Of this total, seven studies were carried out in the southern region of Brazil (Santa Catarina, n = 04; Paraná, n = 03) 19,[21][22][23][24]26,27 , two studies in the southeastern region (São Paulo, n = 01; Minas Gerais, n = 01) 18,29 , two studies in the northeastern region (Alagoas, n = 01; Piauí, n = 01) 25,28 and one study in the northern region (Amazonas) 17 . Additionally, one study 20 was conducted in states included in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil (Paraná and São Paulo, respectively).…”

“…Additionally, one study 20 was conducted in states included in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil (Paraná and São Paulo, respectively). With regard to the age group of participants, 10 studies were conducted with participants aged 10 years or older 17,[19][20][21][22][23][24]26,27,29 . Two studies were carried out with the participation of children and adolescents 18,25 , and one study was carried out exclusively with children 28 .…”

“…In addition, shoulder adduction isometric strength, elbow flexion isometric strength, elbow extension isometric strength, knee extension isometric strength, knee flexion isometric strength, plantar flexion strength and isometric dorsiflexion strength were used to assess muscle strength in one study 18. Finally, maximum repetition tests in bench press, one maximum repetition in the performance of arm curl and one maximum repetition in the leg press were used to measure muscle strength levels in one study 19. Vertical jump test with arm thrust and the lower limb power test on the vertical jump platform were adopted in one study 21. Further details regarding cutoff points used in studies to classify muscle strength values, quantitative results of evaluations and statistical tests adopted in the investigation of relationships tested were described in Supplementary File 2. 3 presents data from the three studies that classified muscle strength as adequate or inadequate using a battery of physical assessments 20,23,26 . In all, 2,180 students were investigated, 29.8% of them had adequate muscle strength levels.…”

Normative values of handgrip strength in adolescents according to chronological age and sexual maturation

“…Nevertheless, when it comes to adolescents, there is still no knowledge of studies dealing with this subject. As a result, studies have been restricted to using cutoff points based on adolescents from other countries 7,14 , which may not reflect the true Brazilian condition regarding muscle strength in this age period. For example, in a previous meta-analysis, it was reported that HGS values are substantially lower in individuals from middle-income countries when compared to high-income countries, possibly due to differences in body size typical of each continent 15 .…”