Prevalência de asma em adolescentes na cidade de Fortaleza, CE

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma among adolescents (13-14 years of age) in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 3,015 adolescents at public and private schools between 2006 and 2007. The participants completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Results: The prevalences of "wheezing ever", "wheezing within the last 12 months" (active asthma) and "asthma ever" (physician-diagnosed asthma) were 44.1%, 22.6% and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalences of "wheezing ever" (p = 0.001), "1-3 wheezing attacks within the last 12 months" (p = 0.001), active asthma (p = 0.002), "sleep disturbed due to wheezing less than one night per week" (p < 0.001) and "dry cough at night" (p < 0.001) were higher among girls. Private school students presented higher prevalences of "wheezing ever", active asthma, "1-3 wheezing attacks within the last 12 months", "4-12 wheezing attacks within the last 12 months" and physician-diagnosed asthma (p < 0.001 for all), as well as of "exercise-induced wheezing" (p = 0.032). Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms in students aged 13-14 years in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, was high, predominantly among girls and private school students. The difference between the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and that of active asthma suggests that asthma was underdiagnosed in the population studied.Keywords: Asthma/diagnosis; Asthma/epidemiology; Asthma/prevalence. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de asma em adolescentes (13-14 anos) na cidade de Fortaleza, CE. Métodos: Estudo transversal utilizando o questionário do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood e envolvendo 3.015 adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas entre 2006 e 2007. Resultados: As prevalências de "sibilos alguma vez na vida", "sibilos nos últimos doze meses" (asma ativa) e "asma alguma vez na vida" (asma diagnosticada) foram, respectivamente, 44,1%, 22,6% e 11,6%. As prevalências de "sibilos alguma vez na vida" (p = 0,001), "1-3 crises de sibilos nos últimos 12 meses" (p = 0,001); asma ativa (p = 0,002); "sono interrompido por sibilos menos que uma vez por semana" (p < 0,001) e "tosse seca noturna" (p < 0,001) foram maiores nas adolescentes. Alunos de escolas privadas apresentaram maior prevalência de "sibilos alguma vez na vida", asma ativa, "1-3 crises de sibilos nos últimos 12 meses", "4-12 crises de sibilos nos últimos 12 meses" e asma diagnosticada (p < 0,001 para todos), além de "sibilos após exercícios" (p = 0,032). Conclusões: A prevalência de asma e de sintomas associados em escolares de 13-14 anos na cidade de Fortaleza mostrou-se elevada, predominando no sexo feminino e no grupo das escolas privadas. A diferença entre as prevalências de asma diagnosticada e a de asma ativa sugere que a asma foi subdiagnosticada na população estudada.Descritores: Asma/diagnóstico; Asma/epidemiologia; Asma/prevalência. to the development of those diseases. The third phase was designe...

Prevalence of bronchial asthma and its associated factors among school children in urban Puducherry, India

“…[11] However, in general it was found that prevalence rate is more in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and other developed countries, ranging from 15% to 20%. [11617] A very high prevalence of history of wheezing was found in three studies in Costa Rica with 46.8%, 42.9%, and 45.1% in different age groups conducted among school children. [18] In contrast to this, it was shown by an Indian study that prevalence of asthma among adults aged ≥15 years is 2.05%.…”

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“…Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalences of asthma and rhinitis in adolescents (13-14 years of age) in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2010, comparing the results with those obtained in another prevalence survey conducted in 2006-2007. ( 13 , 14 ) …”

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